Background: Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are now known to be highly variable in their clinical behavior and biologic basis. However, the approach to leiomyomas and their effect on fertility, miscarriage and pregnancy complications has been based on location alone.Materials and Methods: This talk with bring together published information on the effect of leiomyomas on REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE and newer literature on growth, regression and genetics of uterine fibroids. In addition, we will discuss the effects of treatments for fibroids on REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE.Results: Location within the uterus remains the most predictive clinical factor in determining the impact of uterine fibroids on fertility. Submucosal fibroids have the greatest fertility impairment. Moreover, removal of submucosal fibroids is associated with an improvement in fertility potential. In contrast, intramural fibroids also have a measurable inhibitory effect on fertility potential, but show no attenuation of that impairment with conventional surgical removal. However, it is not clear whether it is biologic differences in the two or the adverse effects of surgical myomectomy which makes a difference.Conclusion: Further work is necessary to understand genotype/phenotype relationships in uterine fibroids. Less invasive treatment options may also benefit women with leiomyomas who desire pregnancy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting days open (DO) as the main REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE and longevity index in Holstein dairy cows in Iran. The demographic, production and reproduction data of six large dairy farms were used. The data were analyzed using Standard Least Squares models. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the impact of DO on longevity. The results showed that DO and dystocia were increased during the recent years (P<0.01). Days open was increased due to the higher milk yield in recent years (P<0.01). Non-eutocia calving also increased the DO (P<0.01). Parity impacted DO and cows in their 6th or more lactations had the highest DO (P<0.01). Male calves increased DO (P<0.05). Sire origin had significant impact on DO and Iranian sires had the lowest DO compare to their counterparts (P<0.01). Season of calving had significant influence on DO and cows calved in winter had higher DO compare with their counterparts calved during summer (P<0.01). Increase in DO during the first calving had a negative impact on cow longevity and cows with more than 160 days of DO were culled sooner (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate that DO as the main REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE index is impacted by genetic and environmental factors.

The purpose of this research was the study of REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE in postpartum dairy cows with different parities. Twenty Holstein dairy cows were assigned into two equal primiparous and multiparous groups.Body weight and body condition score (based on 1-5 scoring) were measured every other week, starting from two weeks before calving till pregnancy confirmation. Daily milk yield was also recorded. REPRODUCTIVE parameters including days from calving to the uterus returning time, to the initiation time of clinical oestrus signs, to the first time of insemination and number of insemination per pregnancy were recorded. Meanwhile, blood serum concentrations of estrogen and progesterone were measured. Results indicated that, the mean (±SE) of body weight and milk production was significantly higher for multiparous cows. Blood serum concentration of estrogen (mean±SE) was significantly lower for primiparous cows (61.86±17.91 vs.71.39±17.02 pg/ml). The number of insemination per pregnancy and estrus frequency did not differ between both groups. However, the intervals (mean±SE) of calving to the uterus returning time (40.0±5.41 vs.24.0±5.41 days), to the first insemination (119.62±14.17 vs.67.5±14.17 days) and the initiation of clinical oestrus signs (28.5±4.5 vs. 19.67±8.5 days) was significantly higher for primiparous than multiparous cows. In general, this study demonstrated that the effect of parity on postpartum REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE is modulated through its effect of blood serum estrogen level, uterus returning time and estrus initiation time.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of clinical mastitis on REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE in Holstein dairy cows in IRAN. Therefore we collected data from one large dairy farm (4200 dairy cows) from March 2008 until June 2010.The animals were divided into two groups according to ccurrence of mastitis as follows: clinical mastitis cows which occurred before pregnancy as group I (n=1248), cows without any mastitis selected as control, group II (n=1347), then collected information were analyzed using SPSS.various REPRODUCTIVE indices such as the days of calving to first services (DFS), calving to conception interval (CCI) services per conception (S/C), pregnancy percent in various intervals (120 & 150 days) after calving (PP<120, PP<150) and mastitis prevalence in various seasons and months of the year were analyzed and compared with control group. Also the pregnancy rate of services almost two months before and after mastitis was studied. Then we used T test, chi square and Anova test to analyze two groups. Based on our results, in this study the great prevalence of mastitis was in summer and the least in winter (P£0.001). And also the great prevalence of mastitis was in September (Shahrivar) and the least was in march (Esfand) (P£0.001). Results indicated the undesirable REPRODUCTIVE indices in the mastitis cows compared with the control group.Statistical analysis of results showed that there is a significant difference between two groups (mastitis vs control) (P£0.001) in the most instances, such as DFS, CCI, S/C, PP<120, PP<150, as DFS: 63 days vs.43 days, CCI: 203 days vs.82 days, S/C: 3.6 vs.1.8, PP<120: 31% vs.80%, PP<150: 45% vs.88% respectively.

Previous studies have indicated that fish oil intake wi11 improve semen quality in some mammals and birds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary fish oil on REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE in ram. Eight Zandi rams were divided into two groups and fed either a control diet or a supplemented diet with fish oil. Both of the diets were is caloric and is nitrogenous and formulated according to AFRC (1995). Semen samples were weekly collected from September to December of 2007 by artificial vagina. Semen characteristics were evaluated. Reaction times, frequency of tail rasing and mounting, and testi cular circumference were recorded every two weeks. Live weight was recorded every thee weeks. At the end of trial, blood samples were obtained and plasma concentrations of testostrone and cholesterol were determined. Fish oil supplementation improved progressive motility of sperm, percentage of motile sperm, sperm concentrations, total sperm number and mounting frequency. There were no significant differences between two groups in testi cular circumference, body weight and blood parameters (p>0.005). Semen volume, frequency of tail raising and reaction times were not affected by dietary treatment. The results suggested that feeding of fish oil could attenuate the decreased REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE which induced by non-breeding season during late autumn in Zandi rams.