Background: RAMSAR, a city in Mazandaran province, is located between Tonekabon and Chaboksar. It covers an area of about 30 Km2overlying alluvium and coastal deposits of Quaternary Period. Shallow depth of water table within the area increases the chance of contamination through seepage of waste water from septic wells and agriculture.Materials and methods: We have examined 31 samples to determine the contamination of water resources in 2 stages. In laboratory, the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfate, chloride, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, nitrate and nitrite ions have been measured. Wilcox and Schoeller diagrams led to classification of the water for drinking and agricultural purposes. Finally, plotting of isoion maps of pollutants defines contaminated areas of the city. Results: With respect to Scholler diagrams, most of the wells in RAMSAR could be classified as suitable water resources and are drinking water. However, rivers are non-drinking water resources due to contamination with seepage and waste water.Conclusion: Plotting of isoion maps of pollutants has clarified that water contamination is a matter of concern in RAMSAR and seek further attention.

Tourism development in every geographical place brings Environmental impact along with positive and negative economic and social consequences. In case of containing it can follow improbable harm. In this respect this research is evaluate environmental impact affected by tourism development is coast of RAMSAR city. The case study is Caspian coast and RAMSAR city that attract a lot of internal tourism every year. the finding and questionnaire supplemented by inhabitants show that development of this kind of tourism has followed great environmental impacts that some of important ones including destruction of plant covers, pollution of coast water and damaging coast land escape.

This qualitative study, employing inductive content analysis, investigated the challenges faced by single-mother families under the RAMSAR County Welfare Department in 2025, conducting semi-structured interviews with 17 single mothers until data saturation was achieved after the 14th interview, with three additional interviews for validation. Six main themes emerged: economic and occupational challenges, psychological challenges, physical and sexual challenges, social challenges, familial challenges, and child-related challenges. Economic difficulties included job scarcity and insufficient income, psychological issues encompassed stress, anxiety, and depression, exacerbated by traditional gender roles in Iranian society, while physical and sexual challenges were intensified by work demands and spousal absence. Social challenges involved stigma and housing issues, familial challenges included lack of family support or blame and disputes with the ex-spouse’s family, and child-related challenges comprised behavioral, psychological, and academic issues. Aligned with domestic (Seydalipour, 2019) and international (Khan et al., 2022) research, the study recommends comprehensive governmental measures: flexible job opportunities, vocational training, free counseling, strengthened social support networks, public awareness programs, and legal reforms to ensure rights and social justice for single mothers and their children.

Safarud River is placed as farasits source that is javaherdeh high altitude still its maximum limit which is Khazar Sea and its direction is north east to south west. The long distance between its source and can cause different changes and a lot of transformation along side.One of the obvious agents and important Geomorphological phenomena in the area of the Safaroud river is land sliding that its occurrence causes the obstruction of roads. Destruction of agriculture gardens, plant coverage, erosion of lands, damage of residential areas and killing the human beings, too.Studying the Geomorphology of landslides and the factors contributing to their occurrence as well as determining of danger points and to give methods of controlling them are deemed to be important since the considered are a is one of the most important regions for the water supply and also the biggest of tourist center and that it can be used for planning purposes.Arc Gis software has been used for parting the land of dangers of landslide as well as for preparing the maps.It is known about 33 landslide in this basin which some factors like Geology, plant covering, soil, climate, Hydrology, Geomorphology and human activities in the landslide affection it.

Hot springs in the study area between the city of RAMSAR of Mazandaran province and city Tonekabon Chaboksr of Gilan province is located. The hot springs Outcrops in the limestone rock units - Upper Triassic dolomite - Middle Jurassic, Dolomite Elika Triassic and sand Quaternary. To determine the amount of pollution geochemical hot springs RAMSAR 9 sample water to determine the concentration of 72 element and ancillary carefully ppb by machine ICP-MS Laboratory ACME Canada took. study primary Medical Geology hot springs RAMSAR Considering the importance risks quantities too elements dangerous in this study, after measuring samples of water nine hot springs comparing values obtained with international standards determined that account element Fe, Hg, Mn, Na, U, Al, As, B, Cl-declared to international standards over the limit is.

Morphotectonics is a knowledge that can determine the effect of active tectonic with using the geomorphic indices as a quantitative description of the Rivers form. The main objective of the morphotectonics is to extract the information on the rate and patterns of active deformation directly from the landscape topography. In the active areas of the land, the bedrock channel network has important connections between the length, height and pattern of the clay-shaped network of rocks, and; accordingly, quantitative measurements provide conditions that allow them to identify the status of active tectonics areas. The location of Iran in the Alpine-Himalayan folded belt has caused the most parts of Iran to be active in terms of tectonics; the Alborz orogenic belt is a part of the named area, and the placement of the studied area in the central Alborz has caused the area to be affected by this tectonic movements. This mountain range is the result of two orogenic movements, one of them is Precambrian ores (Acinitic), the course of which is essentially a metamorphism that leads to the interconnection and hardening of the paving stones in the Precambrian, The second one is the Alpine orogeny movements that it happens in Mesozoic and Cenozoic periods. This mountain range is approximately 600 kilometers long and 100 kilometers wide along the south side of the Caspian Sea. The northern margin of the Alborz line is usually sloping. General trend of study area is NE-SW. main faults of this study area is Khazar, North Great Alborz and Taleqan faults; which the Khazar fault is located on a structural boundary on the southern end of the Caspian Sea from Gorgan to Tonekabon cities and has a length of more than 600 kilometers. The north Alborz fault is a inverted-thrust fault and the general trend of this fault is parallel to the Khazar fault. Taleghan fault with approximate east-west orientation and approximate length of 64 km and has a slope to the south is located near Taleqan city in the central part of Alborz. According to the definition of “ fault segments” which means the fragmentation of a fault along the length into smaller pieces due to the collision of other faults to it, the topographic changes or bending of the fault, can change the type of tectonic activity of this piece of the ratio fault To other parts. Therefore, studying the segments of large faults that located in the study area is important. In this research, the effect of active tectonic on the longitudinal profile of the river has been researched and studied with using of modern methods. Longitudinal profile was then obtained by using digital elevation method (DEM) in MATLAB and Arc GIS software environment and then the values of Ksn and θ indexes in central Alborz region between Chalous, RAMSAR and Taleqan cities along each river were calculated and determine their relationship with the structures of the area. The rivers of the studied area were classified into 4 levels very high, high, medium and low according to the values of the Ksn. The results of this classification shows that the studied area has very high and high tectonic activity. Thus, The western part of the Caspian Sea with the Ksn index range of 298 and the western part of central Alborz in the Taleghan area with with the Ksn index range of 109 have the highest and lowest tectonic activity of the studied basin. After studying the effect of main areas fault such as Khazar fault, Great Alborz fault, Taleqan thrust it was determined that the recent tectonic activity due to the movements of these faults has been affected the rivers of the study area. Regarding the classification of the Ksn along named faults in the study area and the high values obtained, it was revealed that recent tectonic activity in this part of northern Iran was attributed not only by the activity of large faults such as Khazar and Alborz; but also from activity of Other minor faults, such as Azarak faults, south of Shirax village, Dezben, SiahBishe and Holoudaran village fault have caused changes in the rivers of the study area due to their movement and displacement. So that, Generally at the intersection of faults and rivers, longitudinal profiles undergo significant changes in gradients by activity of the named faults. Also, evidence of earthquakes and the geospatial evidence obtained from field observations such as the existence of deep and narrow gorges, alluvial terraces and Waterfalls is a proof of the results of this study.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of death in women between 40-45 years old. Recognition of highly significant risk factors of breast cancer is of vital importance in preventing the incidence of this type of malignancy.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors of breast cancer.Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical case-control study. The study population consisted of patients with and without breast cancer living in two cities of RAMSAR & Tonekabon who visited the hematology and oncology clinic during 2004-2007. A total of 120 individuals were selected based on pairs sampling method. The study tool was a researcher-designed questionnaire which could evaluate a number of variables. Data were analyzed using statistical tests including chi-square test, paired t-test, and logistic regression.Findings: There was a significant relationship between the breast cancer and the duration of breast feeding (p<0.02), family history of breast cancer (p<0.01), history of using oral contraceptive pill (p<0.000), condition of menopause (p<0.000), and history of abortion (p<0.001).Conclusion: Considering our data, periodic screening of women with one or more risk factors of breast cancer is recommended.

Considering current controversies regarding the health effects of low doses of ionizing radiation, study of the high background radiation areas such as RAMSAR, Iran can help scientists better evaluate the validity of linear no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis. RAMSAR is a coastal city in northern Iran with some areas known to have the highest levels of natural background radiation in the world. The mean annual dose of the residents of high background radiation areas (HBRAs) of RAMSAR is 10 times higher than the public dose limit recommended by the ICRP (1 mSv/year) and a proportion of the residents receive annual doses as large as 260 mSv (13 times higher than the occupational dose limit recommended by the ICRP). A report published in Popular Science proclaims that background radiation in RAMSAR approaches that of the Martian surface. However, estimates show that the maximum annual radiation dose in HBRAs of RAMSAR can be much higher than that of the Martian surface (260 mGy/y vs 76 mGy/y). Furthermore, a Guardian report introduces Talesh Mahalleh, a district in RAMSAR, as an inhabited area with the highest levels of natural radioactivity in the world and C Net claims that the best Mars colonists may come from places like Iran and Brazil. In spite of current concerns, nearly all residents still live in their paternal dwellings and there are not consistent reports on any detrimental effects. It is worth noting that, due to small sample size, to draw a firm conclusion about the health effects of high level natural radiation in RAMSAR, in particular about the cancer risk, current information is not sufficient and further studies are needed.