Background: TransRADIAL access is one of the main access techniques in angiography. This method is technically more difficult as it is associated with RADIAL ARTERY occlusion. RADIAL ARTERY cannulation from the dorsal surface of the hand in the snuffbox area has been introduced as a suitable solution to overcome some of the disadvantages of the standard RADIAL ARTERY method. This study was conducted to compare the incidence of RADIAL ARTERY occlusion and other complications in the two methods. Methods: This study was conducted on 100 patients Who were referred to the Imam Hospital in Ahvaz from 22 September 2020 to 19 Mach 2021. 50 patients underwent angiography with normal RADIAL ARTERY access and 50 patients underwent snuffbox angiography. Basic characteristics including age, sex, underlying disease (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), family history of coronary ARTERY disease, medical history including chronic coronary ARTERY disease, stable ischemic heart disease, smoking, and LVEF, and also the length of hospital stay was also collected and recorded. All subjects in the two groups underwent RADIAL ARTERY ultrasound in the forearm and snuffbox 24 hours after angiography. Also, angiographic complications including RADIAL ARTERY occlusion (thrombosis), pain, hematoma and anesthesia were recorded. Results: In the present study, the mean age in the two groups was similar (about 50-60 years). The distribution of sex, diabetes, weight, height and blood pressure was homogeneous in both groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of thrombosis and pain between the two groups. The results of this study showed that in the snuffbox angiography group, the number of uncomplicated cases was significantly more than the RADIAL angiography group and in the snuffbox angiography group, the number of postoperative pain and thrombosis cases was significantly lower. The length of hospital stay in the Snuffbox group was shorter than the RADIAL group, but there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Snuffbox angiography has fewer complications compared to the usual transRADIAL method, so it can be used as a safe method for angiography.

This report presents a case of right RADIAL ARTERY pseudoaneurysm complicated by arterio-venous fistula and absence of ulnar ARTERY. The patient had history of deep vein thrombosis 18 months earlier and was receiving oral warfarin anticoagulation therapy. Doppler study and angiography finding showed poor collateral supply to distal arterial bed. The etiology of this complication and its treatment is controversial.

A 56-year-old man with a two year history of chronic stable angina underwent elective coronary ARTERY bypass grafting (CABG) due to angiographic report of three vessel disease and tight stenosis at proximal part of left anterior descending ARTERY (LAD). While harvesting of RADIAL ARTERY (RA), the distal half of RADIAL ARTERY was found to bifurcate to two parallel branches with equal size. We used this as a single conduit to bypass the first and second obtuse marginal (OM) branches. The patient had a smooth post-operative course and uneventful recovery.

Endoscopic RADIAL ARTERY harvesting (ERAH) is a feasible and attractive minimally invasive approach for conduit procurement, however there have been concerns about a potential neurological damage occurring at the harvest limb site secondary to injury of the RADIAL nerve during endoscopic harvesting. We present a case of ERAH in which we evaluated intraoperatively the characteristics of RADIAL nerve conduction by means of electroneuromyography (ENM) during harvesting. No pathological changes of nerve conduction were detected at the harvest limb site during surgery and postoperatively, thereby supporting the benefits of the endoscopic approach in terms of neurological outcomes following RADIAL ARTERY procurements with a less invasive approach.

RADIAL ARTERY is used for microsurgery as well as coronary ARTERY grafting. Operators and cardiologists may encounter by anomalies of this ARTERY during surgery. Hence, it is important to identify these anomalies. During a routine dissection in our department, we observed a variation of RADIAL ARTERY on the left upper limb of an adult male cadaver.Because of the importance of the unusual patterns of the arteries for surgery and clinical procedures, we present a case of RADIAL ARTERY duplication in the upper limb.

Introduction & objective: One of the most important drawbacks of RADIAL ARTERY is its tendency toward spasm and one of the rare etiologies of that is recurrent blood sampling of the ARTERY. Other causes are injection of drugs in ARTERY in spite of vein, or using RADIAL ARTERY in cardiopulmonary bypass. Papaverine is a useful drug in vasospasm, but it must be used with special caution to avoid it's complications such as arrhythmia.Case: The patient was a 72 year old man with intestinal gangrene and peritonitis whom was operated in Al-Zahra hospital in 2008. During Laparatomy surgery, because of severe acidosis, blood sampling was done 3 times for blood gas analysis. After being taken to the recovery ward, no RADIAL pulse was detectable in the patient's right hand and severe cyanosis in the same hand was seen. After inserting the arterial catheter in brachial ARTERY, treatment with Papaverine, indications of recovery were seen. Conclusion: Despite the rarity of RADIAL ARTERY spasm during anesthesia, it is very dangerous situation, and anesthesiologist must try to prohibit and be able to manage this problem and have suitable drugs in the operation room. 

Background: Arterial variations can cause many problems in treatment of patients. So, it seems that knowledge about these variations can improve the process of treatments.Case Report: During dissection of a 55 year-old male cadaver, it was seen that RADIAL ARTERY had been separated from the second part of axillary ARTERY and brachial ARTERY had been continued in forearm as ulnar ARTERY.Conclusion: This variation is important because RADIAL ARTERY is used for injection of drugs, catheterization and bypass grafting of coronary arteries. Attention to this variation may facilitate the surgical approaches and decrease the risk of arterial injuries in upper limb.

Background and Objectives: Use of the RADIAL ARTERY as conduit for coronary ARTERY surgery has increased in recent years. This study reports the effects of RADIAL ARTERY harvesting on hand muscles power and function and neural sensation in operated patients.Materials and Methods: Thirty patients, who had the RADIAL ARTERY used for myocardial revascularization were selected and underwent assessment of bilateral hand function with dynamometer for power grip forearm circumference, cyclical exercise fatigue tests. Also we recruited thirthy patients as control group for better comparison (patients with previous CABG, without RADIAL graft), and all above tests were performed bilaterally for this group.Then neurologic function was evaluated in distribution of Median, Lateral antebrachial cautaneus (LAC) and superficial RADIAL nerves both electro diagnostically with sensory nerve Action potential (SNAP) parameters measurement and clinically to pin prick sensation.Results: 1) There was no significant difference detected between left hands of case and control groups in power grip parameters (P>0.05). But cyclical exercise fatigue test was significantly reduced in left hands of case group compared to control group (P<0.05).2) SNAP of LAC nerve was absent in 36% at operated side, that was different from unoperated side (24%) (P<0.05). 40% of patients reported hypoesthesia in cutaneus distribution of this nerve.There was no difference between median and RADIAL nerves SNAP's at both sides.Conclusion: Harvesting of RADIAL ARTERY does not adversely affect subsequent hand function, but may be shows early fatigue signs in prolonged and hard activities.Mild sensory abnormalities in distribution of some peripheral nerves especially LAC was detected. These symptoms caused by trauma or devascularization. But because of overlap in sensory area, prominent sensory complication is not seen.