Purpose: Here, we aim to evaluate the antileishmanial activity of compounds with a benzoxazinoid (BX) skeleton, previously synthesized by our group, against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum promastigotes. Methods: Anti-promastigote activity, as well as cytotoxicity, were determined using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assays. The selectivity index (SI) for each compound was calculated using a ratio of the cytotoxicity of compounds and the geometric mean (GM) of antileishmanial concentrations to each species tested. The comparisons between groups were carried out using a t test or analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). A P value of less than 0. 05 was considered significant. Results: All the compounds tested were active, with IC50 falling between 92 ± 6. 19 μ g/mL and 238± 6. 57 μ g/mL for L. braziliensis, and 89 ± 6. 43 μ g/mL and 188 ± 3. 58 μ g/mL against L. infantum. Bex2, Bex3, Pyr1, Pyr2, and Pyr4 were compounds that showed activity similar to the drug Glucantime® , exhibited low cytotoxicity against splenic hamster cells (CC50 raging between >400 and 105. 7± 2. 26 μ g/mL) and had favorable selectivity indices (SI 1. 12 to 3. 96). Conclusion: The analogs in question are promising prototypes for the pharmaceutical development of novel, safer and more effective leishmanicidal agents.

core banking system is a fundamental solution for the centralized core  of  banking business, the main solution to centralize all data and critical processes. So that the changes create new services, responding to customer needs and also provides the necessary information to better manage organization in less time and with most Accuracy. But, implementation and deployment in bank faces with serious challenges.  This Thesis also outlines the dimensions and angles of the banking system, establish Obstacles of this system in Sepah Bank were discussed. the main obstacles classified to four financial, technological, social / cultural and managerial. And the effectiveness of each system was investigated. this research done at the 150 community levels involved in deploying a core banking, including Sepah Bank, Bank Subsidiaries and contracted personnel. A questionnaire with 26 questions was distributed among 85 cases of which 60 were full questionnaire. Questions were designed on the basis of the whole five-point Likert situation. According to prove normal distribution of data T-parametric tests were used to prove the hypothesis. The results showed that technological and managerial factors in the establishment of a core banking system are more effective at Sepah Bank, in priority. However, the influence of social / cultural and financial establishment of a core system of banking in Bank Sepah was not proved.

Introduction. The effect of reformatory reduction on seal and retention of the cemented post with zinc phosphate cement considered in four different times.Methods. After tooth preparing, supply of molding post and cement, the reformatory reduction performed on samples except control group. The starting times are as follows: 1. Immediately after cementing; 2. Six minutes after cementing; 3. One hour after cementing; And 4. 24 hour after cementing. Thensamples are kept in normal saline, in 37c,moisture 100%. In order to close test qualificauon to normal condition of mouth, after reduction completion, the samples go under the termocyclic operation. Then dye penetration, sample incision and amount of leakage, considered by reflective microscope.Results. The dye penetration"s average in different groups has has meaningful difference. The group which has no meaningful difference with control group, is that on which reformatory reduction has performed 24 hour after post core cementing. The others have meaningful difference with control group. There is no meaningful difference between two consecutive groups on which reformatory reduction performed in different times.Discussion. We recommend cememted post-core after final setting of cement

Introduction: Application of proper approaches as a logical framework for creating core curriculum prevents making additional information in curricula. This study aimed to introduce some useful approaches for determining core curriculum in medical science.Methods: This review study was done by electronic searching (PubMed, ERIC, Google Scholar) as well as manual searching (library resources). key words were core curriculum, approach and outcome-based curriculum.Results: 105 papers were obtained.32 cases were eligible according to considered criteria. So far, Curriculum planners have adopted or proposed several approaches for determining core curriculum in medical education. This review introduced some effective approaches in medical education.Conclusion: Curriculum planners need to use effective approaches in medical education in order to provide essential and required content for learners according to community needs. It is necessary for them to consider curriculum revision and reduction of extra curriculum content.

Background: Kienbock disease is characterized by avascular necrosis of the lunate bone. Without treatment, it is usually progressive. While many factors may predispose to Kienbock's disease, it is likely caused by a combination of repetitive loading, vascular risk and mechanical predisposition. Treatments therefore have been designed to decrease compressive loading of the lunate, to prevent lunate collapse, and to allow lunate revascularization. There has been a suggested different treatment, no treatment has ever been proved successful and the rate of surgical complication is relatively high. In this study we performed a new surgical method in the treatment of Kienbock disease. In this method we performed lunate decompression which is a very simple procedure and has no potential complication.Methods: in this study, 11 patients with Kienbock disease in the stage of I to IIIb were surgically treated by a new method of lunate core decompression. The pain, range of motion, functional disability and radiographic indices of the patients were evaluated after two years.Results: the average age of patients were 29 years, 8 (72%) were men. The mean pre-operative pain score (VAS) diminished from 87.5 to 13.5 postoperatively (p<0.001) and DASH score from 84 to 14 (p<0.001) and range of motion was also significantly improved.7 (63%) persons were very satisfied, 2 (18%) were satisfied and 2 (18%) were not much changed.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the new surgical treatment of lunate core decompression could probably be a simple and effective treatment of Kienbock disease without any potential complication.

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Because of increasing number of infected patients throughout the world, various studies are concentrated on development of high quality diagnostic tests and genotyping in various regions of the world.Methods: In this study, we used RT-PCR to isolate and amplify the core gene sequence of the hepatitis C virus that is very conserved among various genotypes, from an isolate derived from an Iranian patient with chronic hepatitis. Then it was cloned in pue 18 vector and sequenced with universal primers. In order to produce recombinant core protein, the core gene was cloned in PET28A expression vector and the recombinant plasmid was transformed into BL21 (DE3) bacteria.Results and Discussion: The results of sequencing showed that the core gene of the hepatitis C virus from an isolate derived from an Iranian patient with chronic hepatitis has a higher similarity with la (96%) and 1b (95%) strains of the virus. This result is similar to those obtained by previous studies. The presence of a 23.5 KD band in SOS-PAGE and Western blot using monoclonal antibody, proved the expression of core protein in PET28A vector. Mass production of this protein could lead to its use in detection of anti-HCV antibodies in infected patients by immunoassays.

Background and Objectives: core+1 or F protein is recently identified to be encoded by hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome. Although functional properties of this protein are not still discovered, core+1 seems to play important roles in viral life cycle and pathogenesis. This study seeks to clone and express HCV core+1 gene in a eukaryotic system with the final aim of evaluating its potential roles in cell signaling pathways and resistance of HCV to therapy.Material and Methods: core+1 gene corresponding to the amino acids 1-162 was PCR-amplified from the original gene of subtype b that was previously cloned in a prokaryotic vector (14). The amplicon harboring 6xHis-tag at C-terminal was subsequently subcloned in the eukaryotic pCDNA3.1+vector. The Nhe I / BamHI restriction sites, initiation and stop codons as well as kozak sequences were designed in the primers. Constructed plasmid was verified by restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing reactions. Liver cell line of Huh7 was transfected with this plasmid using electroporation and lipofection techniques. Transfection efficiency was checked by co-transfection of pEGFPN1 plasmid and flowcytometry. Finally expression and localization of core+1 protein was evaluated by means of confocal microscopic technique.Results: Restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing reactions indicated the accuracy of cloning procedure. Flow cytometric analysis showed higher electroporation efficiency for transfection of Huh7 cells, in comparison with lipofection method. Finally, results of confocal microscopic microscopy using anti-His antibody confirmed the transcription and expression of core+1 protein in Huh7 cells.Conclusions: Our study resulted in the eukaryotic expression of core+1 protein in Huh7 cells and provided an appropriate tool for future studies on the potential interference of core+1 with intracellular signaling pathways and cellular protein interaction.

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study was laboratory comparison of microhardness values in one kind of composite core at complete building tooth with incremental and Bulk placement techniques.Subjects and Methods: Ten cylindrical samples of clearfil photo core-light cure (Kuraray/Japan), (Translucent, Single Shade) composite were prepared up to 9mm in Insulin syringes. Half of them were built with incremental placement technique by 2 mm increments and the other half were built with bulk placement technique. Light curing was done with output irradiance of 650 mw/cm2 for 40 seconds. Samples were cut in longitudinal position and were mounted in Epoxy resin. Vicker' s microhardness was measured from surface of every samples in the 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 mm depths. Statistical Analyses were done with two-way ANOVA (P<0.05).Results: The micro hardness values of equivalent depths in bulk placement technique were more than incremental placement.There were not significant diffenences among the hardness of 1 to 9 mm depths, in two placement techniques.Conclusion: In order to achieve the suitable curing depth in every composite with regard to its composition and color, we should follow the light curing standard conditions of that special composite.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is considered as one of the major pathogenic agents of chronic liver diseases. Previous studies have shown that HCV proteins can interaction with gene regulatory networks such as microRNAs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HCV core protein on the expression of miR-150 in a cell culture model.Materials and Methods: Plasmids expressing full HCV core protein was transfected into Huh7 cell lines while a GFP expressing plasmid employed as negative control. Subsequently, total RNA extracted and Real-Time PCR performed to measure the expression level of miR-150 expression. Moreover, trypan blue exclusion assay was performed to investigate the effect of core protein on cell viability.Results: The gene expression analysis of miR-150 in Huh7 cells showed that endogenous HCV core protein could significantly down regulation of miR-150 when compared to GFP control plasmid and normal cells (P<0.01). Beside, core protein induced no significant proliferative or cytotoxic effects on hepatic cells as determined by trypan blue exclusion assay (P<0.05).Conclusion: Our study suggests that HCV core protein can led to down regulation of miR-150 expression. This data revealed that HCV protein interactions with cell regulatory machinery may contribute to pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases.