Introduction: ankle dislocations are a group of injuries requiring immediate orthopedic interventions to avoid subsequent neurovascular complications and impairments. In most cases, they are associated with a malleolar fracture in the ankle. However, in the sporadic cases, especially the ones due to high-energy traumas, ankle dislocations are not associated with malleolar fractures and are referred to as "Pure ankle dislocations". Case Presentation: Here, we report a rare case of Pure ankle dislocation in a 38-year-old female athlete with no previously established predisposing risk factors. The patient was referred to our emergency department following a catastrophic fall down during exercise, resulting in severe ankle pain and deformity. The patient was treated with urgent reduction of the displacement and 6 weeks of immobilization by casting followed by intensive physiotherapy. Conclusion: At the end of the 3-month follow-up, no symptoms of instability were observed, and the patient could walk normally; at the 6-month follow-up, the patient could perform her sport activates similar to the initial level.

Background: Syndesmotic injury is one of the major causes of ankle pain and arthritis in athletes. Syndesmotic instability may remain undetectable when occurring with ankle fractures. Case Report: A 59-year-old man presented to the orthopedic clinic with a history of surgery for fracture-dislocation of ankle two months before his visit. During revision surgery, we performed an open reduction, tension band wiring (TBW), and syndesmotic screw fixation. The results were satisfactory, with an almost full ankle range of motion (ROM) and good skin condition. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of syndesmosis injury can prevent the complications such as chronic pain, osteoarthritis (OA), and stiffness. There is no consensus on the treatment of syndesmosis injury, but the main factors in determining the treatment plan are tibiofibular joint stability or instability and the amount of time that the injury has occurred. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) can also be used in addition to X-rays in cases of suspected syndesmosis injury.

Isolated scaphoid dislocation is a rare injury of the wrist. To our knowledger, only 22 cases of isolated scaphoid dislocation have been reported in Enghish-language literature and we could find only one case with Pure radial dislocation. We present a 34-year-old man with isolated Pure radial scaphoid dislocation that was treated by open reduction and repair of the scapholunate ligament and pin fixation. Because of the rarity of the injury and as few orthopedic surgeons seem to have encountered it, we present this case along with literature review stressing on treatment options and results.

Tibiotalar dislocation without concomitant fracture in the surrounding bones is a rare injury. We report one of them presenting unreduced after a 10 month interval. A 23 y/o female presented to our clinic 10 months after Bam earthquake, during which she had sustained an anterior tibiotalar dislocation without any associated fracture. Open reduction was tried two times, but both attempts were unsuccessful because of the very poor quality of bone. Although ankle dislocation has been reported to be associated with good prognosis, it was not the case with our late presenting patient.

Background: ankle sprains are the most common musculoskeletal injuries that occur in athletes all over the world. ankle sprains can also cause longterm disability such as ankle pain, Functional ankle instability, postural disorders, recurrent ankle sprain and etc.Methods: The purpose of this study was to examine prospectively intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for ankle sprains in 125 Irainin athletes that were divided into two groups: Healthy and Injured groups. ankle range of motions, Achilles Tendon’s flexibility and Calf’s size were measured and related questionnaire was completed.Results: ankle sprains were more common in soccer, basketball and volleyball than other sports. Severe ankle inversion was the most common (94.4%) mechanism of ankle sprain. Fatigue, not warming up, improper landing, ankle rotations were expressed by the athletes as the main reasons causing their ankle sprains. There were no significant differences between ages, weight, height, training sessions, playing surfaces, foot wears and ankle sprains. Most interestingly was the significant relation between balance training and ankle sprain prevention (P value=0.00574).Conclusion: The intrinsic factors such as fatigue, not warming up, improper landing were most common risk factors for ankle sprain in Iranian athletes. One of the main findings of the present study was the positive role of balance training as a key factor in prevention of ankle sprains.

Traumatic dislocation of lisfranc joint is relatively rare. There have been many different subtypes and variations in this injury. We would like to report a variation of this injury in a 40 years old man who had lisfranc dislocation with simultaneous dislocations of first and second metatorsophalangeal joints. A two-year follow-up has been done.

This study aimed to evaluate the shoulder dislocation following tramadol-induced seizure and its potential difference with other shoulder dislocations. We evaluated six cases that used tramadol tablets and some of them had a history of seizure. All of the cases had shoulder dislocation. According to the findings, tramadol use and tramadol-induced seizure may increase the risk of shoulder dislocation.

Background: ankle foot orthoses are effective in controlling wide-range orthopedic deformities. Two difference methods (prefabricated and custom-made) were used for construction of AFOs. However, the high cost of custom devices prevents some patients from purchasing them. Some patients and orthotics prefer to prefabricated devices. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the prefabricated AFOs (PAFO) can provide similar pressure distribution as custom-made AFO (MAFO) in healthy people.Objective: The purpose of the current study was to the comparison of two different fabrication methods of AFO by plantar pressure in asymptomatic adults.Methods: In this study, peak pressures (PP) were recorded with Pedar-x system while pressure insole was placed between foot and AFO. Twenty-four subjects participated in this study completed a total of three 8-m walking trials in each of two types of AFOs. Results: The PP was significantly decreased in the heel (P<0.004), first metatarsal (P<0.001), and second metatarsal head regions (P<0.003) in MAFO when compared to PAFO but PP was significantly decreased in second toe (P<0.027) and toes 3-5 (P<0.003) regions in PAFO in comparison with MAFO. No significant differences were observed at the other regions.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that significant differences were observed in PP at the almost regions when comparing two AFOs. So they should carefully prescribe for using with various disorders.

Fracture-dislocation of lumbosacral junction is rare. It usually affects the patients with multiple trauma. In all reported cases, anterior or posterior displacement of L5 on S1 have been reported, but anterolateral displacement has not been reported yet. Herein, we report delayed diagnosis of fracture-dislocation of L5-S1 with anterolateral displacement of L5 on S1, which was treated successfully with surgery (open reduction, posterior fusion, and instrumentation).