Background: Mucor-mycosis is a severe invasive fungal infection that in majority of cases appears as rhinocerebral form. This disease mostly occurs in diabetics and can be fatal and fulminate. Treatment include both systemic antifungal therapy and surgical debridement. Materials and Methods: 22 patients who were treated in Imam Khomeini and Amir-Alam hospital with diagnosis of rhino-cerebral mucor-mycosis entered the study. Symptoms, underlying disease, site of involvement, type of treatment, and Prognosis were reviewed. Results: Most of patients were female with average age of 48 years. Diabetes was underlying disease in majority of cases. Facial pain and swelling, apoptosis and paresis of extra ocular eye muscles, weakness and fever had reported in half of cases. The most common site of involvement were maxillary sinus, ethmoidal sinus, lateral wall of nose and orbit. General mortality of patients were 45.5%. Prognosis of patients were reported in terms of underlying disease, clinical findings, type of treatment, and site of involvement. Conclusion: It appears that type2 diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis, soft tissue involvement of the face especially paralysis of the midface, simultaneous necrosis of the nose and palate, severe eye involvement, cerebral involvement, no surgical debridement, orbital exentration and significant involvement of pterygopalatine fossa were accompanied with more mortality.

The present study aims to estimate biogas potential of two Russian landfills situated in the republic of Tatarstan and in Moscow Region. Due to environmental, economic, social and energetic consideration of biogas for human being, utilization of such a by-product would be of high concern. To date, there are seven biogas utilization projects which have been developed and implemented at municipal solid waste landfills of Russia. The purpose of the research was to determine the biogas potential at the closed landfills. During the studies held in 2008; sampling, transportation, storage of biogas and landfill soil samples, laboratory investigations; physicochemical and analytical methods for measuring of proteins, carbohydrates and fats in the organic part of the soil and the analysis of empirical data by the methods of computer modeling and mathematical statistics were carried out. The obtained results of the research; concentrations of biogas components: methane, carbon dioxide, carbon oxide, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen, gas flows, composition of the organic part of the fields and analysis of gas distribution on the surface of the landfills; has shown scientific and practical importance. Results could be used for the assessment of biogas potential at the landfills for further biogas utilization projects implementation with electrical or thermal energy production.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. During the past decades, survival of colorectal cancer patients has improved worldwide, however, it is not clear what factors have contributed to this development. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic impact of a wide spectrum of pathologic parameters on survival rate in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: 1127 patients with colorectal cancer who registered in one cancer registry in Iran were followed from their diagnostic date to Jan 1, 2007 (as failure time). Overall survival time was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the pathologic factors that could independently influence survival.Results: The overall survival rate at 5 years after diagnosis was 61%. Histology grade, status of regional lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and pathologic tumor stage were related to survival rate according to univariate analysis.Nevertheless, in multivariate analysis, only histology grade, distant metastasis and tumor size had influence on survival of colorectal cancer patients.Conclusion: Generally the Prognosis of disease is not poor; however, distant metastasis, poor differentiation and higher tumor size should be considered to have additional risks of death in colorectal cancer.

Introduction: Several genes affect the Prognosis of traumatic brain injury. Most studies have been conducted on E apolipoprotein (APOE). APOE may have beneficial effects in coma recovery and reducing the risk of seizures after trauma. However, allele E4 of APOE is associated with accumulation of amyloid, which causes amyloid angiopathy and extensive intracranial hematoma. Prognosis of traumatic brain injury depends on underlying factors, such as APOE, amyloid deposition, cytoskeletal rupture, diss cholinergic function, oxidative stress and the ability of the central nervous system to response to the injury. There is a little research on the effects of genes on the brain injury. DRD2 and COMT genes related to dopamine function in cognitive processes in the frontal lobes are involved. Inflammation also plays an important role in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury and is controlled by the gene IL. Apoptosis after traumatic brain injury is also regulated by the P53 gene. Converting enzyme gene through self-regulation mechanism of cerebral blood flow affect the Prognosis of cerebral trauma. CACNA1A gene with its effect on calcium channels and its effect on prevention of brain edema affects the Prognosis of brain trauma. Neprilysin gene causes a protease that plays an important role in the degradation of amyloid b protein and delayed plaque formation.Conclusion: It seems that genetic factors may play an important role on the Prognosis of brain injury. Further studies will be clarified this role in details.

Objective Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute poly radiculoneuropathy characterized by progressive motor weakness of limbs and areflexia. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the clinical pattern and Prognosis of children with Guillain-Barre syndrome.Materials& Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pediatric Neurology Unit of Amirkola Children’s Hospital, Babol, Iran during the period of 5 years from October 2008 to September 2013. We assessed the clinical features, results of electro diagnostic tests, functional status, treatment and outcome of 17 children diagnosed with GBS.Results Of 17 (male to female ratio=1.6: 1) children studied, all had motor weakness, 4 children (23.5 %) and cranial nerve palsies. Respiratory paralysis was found in one child requiring assisted ventilation. Antecedent illness preceding GBS was recorded in 7 (41.2%) children. The GBS subtype distribution as per electro diagnostic studies was as follows: acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) in 12 (70.6%) acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) in 3 (17.6%), acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) in 2 (11.8%). IVIG constituted the treatment given in all of the patients. Complete recovery was observed in 16 children and the remaining one child was dependent to wheelchair.Conclusion GBS in children is not poor prognostic disorder and our recommendation is administration of IVIG as soon as possible after clinical diagnosis. Except for one child who remained wheelchair bound, there was no mortality or morbidity in long-term observation. Besides, strong limitation of our study was the low number of subjects.