Inflammatory endobronchial Polyp is a rare disease mostly encountered in asthmatic patients. Chronic airway and foreign material irritation or thermal injury may result in the formation of granulated tissues and become Polypoid mass. Herein, we describe a 52-year-old man with severe respiratory distress and infection with 35 years history of smoking. He had an obstructive pattern in his pulmonary function tests and severe bronchiectasis of right lower lobe that responded well to lobectomy with Polypectomy. Pathologic examination revealed large endobronchial Polyp 9x2 cm obstructing right and left bronchi and right lower lobe bronchiectasis. Such large inflammatory endobronchial Polyp has rarely been presented in literature.

Urethral Polyps are a rare finding in children. Urethral fibro epithelial Polyps are usually discovered in the first decade of life. They present with voiding dysfunction, obstructive and irritative urinary symptoms, and hematuria. They may be associated with other congenital urinary tract anomalies. Histopathologically, they are usually benign lesions with no tendency to recurrence and are treated by surgical ablation, fulguration or laser therapy. Diagnosis is made by sonography, voiding cystourethogram and cystoscopy. In this report, a rare case of posterior urethral Polyp in an eight –year old male child is presented.

Introduction Parotid gland squamous cell carcinoma is an uncommon aggressive neoplasm with poor prognosis. Aural Polyps are usually the presenting features of chronic suppurative otitis media, tuberculous otitis media, and adenoma or carcinoma. The malignant aural Polyp is very rare. Parotid gland carcinoma masquerading as an aural Polyp has rarely been described in the literature. Case Report: We report a case study of parotid squamous cell carcinoma in a 29-year-old male masquerading as an ear Polyp. Conclusion: Parotid gland primary squamous cell carcinoma is a rapidly advancing neoplasm which carries poor prognosis despite multimodality treatment. Diligent clinical and histopathological evaluation is imperative to discriminate this rare aggressive disease from the metastatic and other primary cancers of the parotid. A high index of suspicion is crucial in refractory aural Polyps to arrive at early diagnosis.

A case of gall bladder Polyp with heterotopic gastric mucosa in a gastric mucosa in a 35-year-old man who presented with recurrent right upper quadrant abdominal pain is reported. Ulrtasonography demonstrated a highly echogenic Polypoid mass in the body of gallbladder. All other investigation results were normal. His symptoms resolved after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Histologically, the Polyp was consisted of both fundic and pyloric type gastric glands located in the mucosa of Polyp. Up to knowledge of authors so far, 43 cases of heterotopic and gastric mucosa of gallbladder have been reported, only two cases, including the present case were found as a gall bladder Polyp.

Background: Antrochoanal Polyp (ACP) is one of the rarest nasal Polyps with an unknown etiology and without relation to allergy, sinusitis or lower respiratory tract diseases. Unilateral nasal stuffiness is the most common symptom and opacification of the antrum may be seen radiographically. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with nasal Polyps who underwent operation at Khalili hospital, Shiraz, during a three-year period (1995-1997) were selected. Data were collected and analyzed statistically for age, sex, clinical and pathological findings. Results: Antrochoanal Polyps were present in 13 out of 122 patients with Polyps which comprises 10.65% of the patients. The mean age of patients with antrochoanal Polyps was 15±11 years and 34±15 years in patients with simple Polyps. Both forms of Polyp were more common in men. Antrochoanal Polyps were unilateral in 93 percent and were on the right side in 69.5 percent, while simple Polyps were bilateral in 78 percent (p<0.001).The most common symptom in ACP was unilateral nasal stuffiness (84%). There was no association between ACP and asthma or aspirin hypersensitivity. Histopathologic studies of ACP showed inflammatory Polyps in most of the cases. Conclusion: Antrochoanal Polyps have a higher prevalence in our region. This type of Polyp has some differences from simple Polyps especially regarding prevalence, pathology, pathogenesis and clinical presentation and should therefore be regarded as a separate entity.

The gastric inflammatory fibroid Polyp (IFP) is a rare benign tumor of unknown etiology that is localized mainly in the antrum and presents endoscopically as submucosal mass. The lesion manifests as abdominal pain, weight loss, bleeding, dyspeptic symptoms, and iron deficiency anemia. We report a case of gastric IFP presented with microcytic anaemia, dyspepsia, malena and weight loss. Endoscopy revealed presence of a sessile gastric antral Polyp. A clinical diagnosis of gastric malignant Polyp was suspected. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of mononuclear fusiform fibroblast like cells, arranged in fascicles and whorl formation around vessels, in an inflammatory background rich in eosinophils. The fusiform cells appeared uniform and had abundant cytoplasm with pale spindle shaped nuclei. We highlight the case because of its rarity amongst the different types of gastrointestinal Polyps and its unusual presentation like anaemia and weight loss withclinical suspicion of malignant gastric Polyp.

Posterior urethral Polyp is a rare benign Fibroepithelial tumor which can result in dysuria, urinary retention, hematuria, urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis and hydroureter. A 2 years old boy was referred to pediatric department with hematuria and dysuria. Urine Analysis showed a macroscopic hematuria and urine culture was normal. His sonography showed a normal kidney, thickening of bladder wall and a round echogenus mass on floor of bladder, VCUG showed normal vesical volume without reflux, dilatation of prostatic portion of urethra with a circular defect and delayed voiding of bladder. Patient with diagnosis of a posterior urethral valve was referred to the urology department. He underwent a ureterocystoscopy which showed a circular and Polypoid lesion in prostatic urethra. Resection was disappointing. Biopsy was taken from lesion which reported as a Polyp with fibrous and vascularized stroma and a covering of transitional cells. Two days later with a transvesical incision Polyp was resented. One year following the surgery, there was no sign & symptom of disease.    

Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is known by the triad of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal Polyposis (CRSwNP), aspirin hypersensitivity, and asthma, but its etiology and physiopathogenesis are still unclear. This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate allergy and inflammatory cells (neutrophils vs. eosinophils) dominancy in nasal Polyp tissue of patients with AERD compared to non-AERD patients. CRSwNP patients scheduled for endoscopic sinus surgery were recruited in this study. Nasal Polyp tissue was analyzed for infiltrating cells, and Eosinophil dominant and neutrophil dominant Polyps were determined. AERD was confirmed by oral aspirin challenge (OAC). Demographics data; history of asthma, exacerbation by using NSAIDs, routine use of aspirin, type of surgery (primary or revision), and results of skin prick test and spirometry were recorded. Pathology results and contributing factors compared between AERD and non-AERD patients. Sixty-five patients (39 women, 26 men) were enrolled in the study (mean age 38. 83 ± 12. 43 years). Thirty (46%) patients had positive OAC tests. Totally 41 patients (63. 1%) had eosinophilic Polyps. 80% of patients with eosinophilic Polyp had positive OAC and were AERD (P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference in demographics, revision surgery, and concomitant asthma between AERD and non-AERD groups (P > 0. 05). The positive skin prick test was higher in AERD and also in eosinophilic Polyp patients, but it was not statistically significant (P = 0. 086 and P = 0. 177). Eosinophilic Polyps are more common in AERD. A positive skin prick test is associated with AERD and eosinophilic Polyp.

Background & Aim: Among different diseases of dental pulp, less attention has been paid to the immunopathogenesis of pulp Polyp. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pulp Polyp formation and allergy.Methods & Materials: For this purpose, thirty - three samples including 17 pulp Polyps and 16 normal pulps were gathered. After a 3-day incubation period, sandwich and competitive ELISA techniques were used to assess the presence and concentration of IgE and histamine, respectively.Results: IgE was found in 100% of pulp Polyps and 50% of normal pulps, with concentrations of 0.7615±0.4858 0.1927±0.2193 Histamine was found in 100% of Polyps and 12.5% of normal pulps, with concentrations of 30.8353±34.1531 and 3.125±8.732. The two groups showed statistically significant differences in terms of both the concentration and presence of IgE and histamine. There was also a significant statistical correlation between the concentration of IgE and histamine in the two groups.Conclusion: We could suggest possible role for type I hypersensitivity reaction or allergy in the pathogenesis of pulp Polyp.

Herein we describe a rare case of a 59-year-old male who was diagnosed with giant hyperplastic Polyps after referring with symptoms of abdominal pain and vomiting, and associated red-flag symptoms of unintentional weight loss and early satiety.