While the importance of social and Political Participation of women in the third World countries is increasing continuously, both for development of these societies and for self-realization of women themselves, it is becoming an essential issue for study. In this paper, we focus on the impact of women's Political culture on their Political Participation.Referring Inglehart's theory and other theories related to the impact of Political culture on Political Participation, we advanced our hypotheses.Through a survey, our data were collected and analyzed. The population of the research was women aged 20 and more from the Iranian city of Yazd, from which a random sample of 385 people were selected.The findings indicate that the women's Political culture effects on their Political Participation. Moreover, all of the dimensions of Political culture, including the women's attitudes towards the Political system and the ruling elite, their Political knowledge, attitudes towards their own Political capacity, and normatively taking women's Political Participation, had meaningful positive correlation with their Political Participation.

This research aimed at analyzing research on "social media and Political Participation" in two levels of external and internal research, first of all, to examine the strengths and weaknesses of these studies and then compare them. In this meta-analysis, 17 research (9 external and 8 internal) were studied in three theoretical sections (4 criteria), a method (10 criteria) and a cognitive (2) criterion. The meta-analysis shows that the most important strengths of research, the diversity of theoretical approaches, the use of the integrated theoretical framework, the diversity of the statistical society, the variety of sample selection methods, the use of various statistical tests, and, at the same time, with high statistical power, attention The level of micro analysis, diversity in the social media, and attention to the various impacts in the results section And the weaknesses of the researches, the use of some unrelated theoretical approaches and approaches in theoretical foundations, the weak use of the theoretical frameworks defined in the analysis of the findings, the inability to explain the dimensions of Political Participation in the theoretical discussions, the overcoming of the proof paradigm And the method of scrolling, the inability to use qualitative and combination methods, the lack of consideration of tool validity, the lack of use of statistical tests to determine the normality of the sample size for measuring parametric tests, the disability in indexing From Political Participation in the questionnaire and achieving contradictory results in the discussion of the type of effect.

The main purpose of the present paper is to identify the effects of Political Participation and its effective factors among women in Iran. Secondary analysis of a survey project named "The causes of increase in the number of girls who pass the entrance examination of the universities and its Political, social and economic consequences in 2005" was performed. Results indicate that the average Political Participation in both groups, women with college education and employed and women without college education and non-employed are very low. Good fitting theoretical model, especially among working women and college groups suggests that Political awareness and their attitudes to politics can influence on this group of women's Political Participation. Policy attitudes as an intermediate variable relates to Political awareness, sense of gender inequality in the field of politics, trust in government institutions and authorities of the country and finally social capital especially community activities. Social empowerment and obstruction should be decreased which combines three elements of awareness, Political decisions making ability and organizing. Women’s Political Participation requires increase in Political awareness, Political decisions making and Political organization of women. Accordingly, education, employment and communal relationships increase can effect on women's Political Participation enhancement.

The foundation of Political Participation is everybody's Participation in Political decision making which is under review in the ways of spontaneous and motivated Political Participation (mobilized). Spontaneous Political Participation is the outcome of a high literacy and a strong rooted Political culture and awareness which can materialize by economic, social, ideological factors and or historical, structural, cultural and Political factors. Political culture is the most important factor determining the structure of power and also the amount of interest or indifference towards Political Participation whose scope of studies is focused on the study of the cultural-Political system and sociallyacceptable derivation and the attraction of Political values and it includes varieties of simplifying Political-social acceptance such as family, education, mass media and (Political) parties and the compromise of Political culture with current values and traditions in the nation.

Institutionalized Participation, on the one hand, leads to the development of democracy and legitimation of the states, on the other hand increases the level of nation security. Moreover people’s confidence in the state increases it’s stability, and enhances development and national security. From the Islamic point of view, the role of people is not limited only to legitimizing the sate, but they have a basic role in raising their efficiency. The present research was conducted to achive the following objectives: 1) Measuring the level of Political, social alienation and Political, social Participation.2) Finding correlations among the variables of Political, social alienation and Participation.3) Studying the relationship of variables such as age, gender, religion, race, marriage, education and income with the level of Political, social Participation and alienation.The result of the research shows that socio, Political Participation is highly effective in increasing or decreasing national security coefficiency; and in the case of nonParticipation, Political and social alienation seriously threatens national security.

Political Participation is one of the main criteria for Political development. The general aim of this research is the study of social and cultural factors of Political Participation in order to examine some theories, known as modernization. These factors are: economic state, job, education, urbanization, using mass media; sense of powerlessness, and confidence in the, government. The general hypothesis is that the social index improvement leads to the enhancement of Political Participation. This statement is discussed in two items: formal and informal Political Participation. The method of research is survey with questionnaire technique. The case society is family supervisors of the rural district around the city of Bushehr. To select cases by technique of multistage sampling, three villages named Chah kootah Abtavill and Talashki that are examples for three level of high, average and low development were determined. Then 250 questionnaires were distributed according to the population of villages. The results show that there are considerable differences between formal and informal Political Participation. Informal aspect increases in consequence of the enhancement level of education, urbanization and using mass media, but formal aspect is highly related to the confidence in the government. Therefore we can conclude that informal Political Participation can illustrate and improve better modernizing theory and Political and environmental agents have high influence on formal ones.

Introduction: Election Participation, as one of the most important forms of Political Participation, has a special place in the discussions of Political sociology, in general, and election sociology in particular. While we are witnessing various elections in Iran every year, but in contrast to other Political phenomena such as the revolution that rarely happens and we are dealing with rich literature in this field, the election process has major theoretical and experimental weaknesses. The lack of compatibility of research findings on the relationship between education and electoral Participation over the past four decades in Iran shows that there is no consensus on this issue, because there was no critical analysis in this regard...

This paper has as its aim to draw the outward appearance of Political Participation in the Islamic state. Political Participation in Muslim society is, for theoretical and technical reasons, reduced to Political pluralism, which is meant the formation and legitimacy of Political parties in that society. Political parties are divided in two major groups according to geographical and ideological domains.As to the former group, Political parties are in turn subdivided into regional and ones, and as to the latter, Political parties and wings constitute two main Islamic and non Islamic parties. Islamic parties are also divided into theological and jurisprudential groups. The paper attempts to briefly explain the advantages, disadvantages and the rules governing the activities of jurisprudential Political parties taking into account the conditions of Muslim society.

Political Participation or lack of it has been investigated by many researchers as an index of the Iranian society Political development in different levels. The women had a crucial contribution from the Constitutional Revolution to the Islamic Revolution in Iran and played significant Political roles in historical social-Political development trends. The Iranian women during the aforementioned revolutions in spite of the emerged restrictions due to the social institutions, the traditions, culture and… gained a very high position in consolidating the Political Participation constituent respecting the historical development. To influence the Political destiny of the Iranian society they played their social Political roles in different ways.