Background: Martin M Seligman has developed a multi-dimensional model of Flourishing, PERMA. This model combines positive emotion (hedonic) and positive performance (eudiamonic) dimensions. Research has shown a positive relation between Flourishing and happiness, productivity, resiliency, life satisfaction, and a negative relation with death thoughts, physical illness, and stress experiment. The Workplace Flourishing Questionnaire (PERMA) is developed by Kern and was administered in Australia, Japan, Hong Kong, and the United States and its psychometric properties were reported. Although flourishing in general and in the workplace is significant, it’ s not mentioned in Iran. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the PERMA flourishing Questionnaire at work for teachers in Iran. Method: current research is a descriptive study. 394 teachers have responded to the translated version of the online flourishing questionnaire. Results: The factor structure of the flourishing scale has been investigated by confirmatory factor analysis. And the model fit indices, indicate that the model fits well with the data. Chi-square (χ 2) with the value of 2339/17 and degree of freedom 80, softened chisquare (χ 2/df= 2/989), comparisons fit index (CFI= 0/98), goodness of fit index (0/95 GFI= goodness of fit index (AGFI= 0/96) and second root mean squared error approximations (RMSEA= 0/065) were all at the desired level indicating goodness of fit with the conceptual model. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the model of flourishing PERMA. Was applied in different samples including Iranian teachers group.

Aim: The aim of this research was to investigate the reliability, validity and factor analysis of the Snyder Hope Scale.Method: A correlational method employed.371 (276 women and 95 men) participants were selected from a population of undergraduate students comprising of 6970 individuals studying in Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran during the academic year 2008 –2009. Sampling was done via multiple stage cluster sampling. Research tools consisted of Snyder’s Hope Scale (1991), Zimet's Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (1988), Maholice and Crumbaugh's Meaning in Life Test (1964), and Mohamadifar's Suicide Ideation (2005). Data was analyzed using Factor analysis, correlation tests and reliability coefficients.Results: Result of factor analysis showed that Snyder's Hope Scale consisted of two factors which were labeled agency and pathways. the concurrent validity was measured by correlating the scores of the Hope Scale with those of Suicide Ideation Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and Meaning in Life Test. Result showed that there was a significant negative correlation between hope and suicide ideation and a significant positive relationship between hope and social support and meaning in life. Furthermore, results showed Cronbach's alpha for the Hope Scale to be 0.86 and test-retest reliability was 0.81.Conclusion: Snyder’s Hope Scale can be considered to be a valid and reliable measure in an Iranian student population and may be considered for use in clinical and research settings for assessment, preparing participants for therapy and prevention.

Introduction: The nursing education course faces challenges that can be solved with simple and low-cost measures if properly identified. Otherwise, the challenges will turn into a crisis and their solution will be difficult and costly. However, there is no tool available to examine the challenges of nursing education in Iran. Methods: This research is a combined study that was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, the terms of the questionnaire were compiled using the qualitative interview of the study, as well as the review of authentic texts related to the topic of the research. In the next step, during a methodological study, the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire were determined using face validity, content (CVR & CVI) and exploratory factor analysis, as well as reliability with internal consistency and stability methods. Results: The pool of items including 30 expressions was extracted. After determining face validity, qualitative and quantitative content validity, the number of questionnaire statements was reduced to 28 items. The result of the exploratory factor analysis of this questionnaire, three factors including "defective educational cycle", "educational structure challenge" and "overall neglect as a member of the education family", these three factors explained a total of 72. 01% of the variance of the entire test. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0. 865 and the stability through retest with intraclass correlation test was 0. 8. Conclusions: Considering the desired validity and reliability of the 27-item questionnaire of nursing education challenges, its use by researchers is recommended.

The purpose of this study has considered practicality, reliability, validity and norm finding of Rao‘s social maturity test among a sample group of 500 high school female students of Tehran. The sample was selected by no random method and they answered the questionnaires. The questionnaire was used in this study is made of 90 questions. The reliability coefficient of Cronbach‘s Alpha was equal to 0.833 In order to determine inventory validity the oblique analysis was used. Results showed that 10 factors determine 29.115 of the whole variance of variables. These factors are as follows: 1- lack of self, 2-domination, 3- trust in others, 4- laches, 5- Timidity, 6- Variety-seeking, 7- Interest of Justice and Selfishness and 8- Benevolence, 9- Carefree, 10- Grandiosity. The scale was correlated with the social adjustment test. Correlation of social adjustment and social maturity of questionnaires that contains 90 questions was calculated on a sample of 72 students. Results showed that 5 factors: 1 (Lack of self), 2 (Domination), 4 (Laches), 5 (Timidity), 7 (Interest of justice and selfishness) with social adjustment test (CPI) has correlation and correlation coefficient of Rao ‘s social maturity test with social adjustment test is 0.411.

Background and Aims: Eighty five percent of accidents can be attributed to unsafe acts. Eighty five to ninety eight percent of workplace injuries caused by unsafe acts are due to attitude, behavior and culture. Safety climate is a multi-dimensional structure that describes the attitude and the correct priority of the people towards the safety at work. To assess safety climate, a valid and reliable tool is needed. The aim of this study was developing a psychometric questionnaire to assess safety climate in Iran.Materials and Methods: Using safety literature and other safety climate questionnaire, a 96-item questionnaire was provided. Face validity, content validity ratio and index, construct validity, internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were investigated on 550 industrial employees.After validity index survey 43 items questionnaire were obtained. Principal factors were extracted using exploratory factor analysis by Varimax rotation method. To check the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficients and Pearson correlation coefficient was used.Results: For the face validity, CVR (78.5%) and CVI (0.75) related to safety climate designed questionnaire to be acceptable, eleven factors were extracted that covered 58.85 percent of total variance. Cronbach's alpha for most factors more than 0.7 were calculated and Spearman coefficient showed significant correlation between test and retest results.Conclusion: The Safety “Climate Assessment Questionnaire” which has been designed for 43 items and 11 factors has appropriate validity and reliability and can be used to assess the safety climate.

Introduction: Sport is considered to be a problem for the development and maintenance of physical and mental health in society and its lack is considered a problem. The purpose of this study was development and PSYCHOMETRICS "Factors Affecting Sports Poverty Scale”, . Methods: The present research is methodological and a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 faculty members and sports officials. In the quantitative part, content validity was measured by content validity ratio using Lawshe table. Content Validity Index was measured by Waltz & Bausell method. The construct validity was calculated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis among 460 participants in public sports in West Azerbaijan province who were randomly selected by cluster sampling. Reliability was measured by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability was performed by 40 participants of public sports in West Azerbaijan province who were non-random and convenience. Data analysis was performed in SPSS. 24 and PLS. 1. 2. 3. Results: From the findings of the qualitative section, scale items were obtained. The content validity ratio was 0. 73 and the Content Validity Index was 0. 84. The results of factor analysis with 192 items showed 16 subscales. The reliability of the scale was obtained by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of subscales between 0. 72 to 0. 92 and composite reliability between 0. 73 to 0. 94. Conclusions: The "Factors Affecting Sports Poverty Scale"was developed with validity and reliability. Therefore, its use is recommended to measure and identify the factors affecting sports poverty.

Background: The development of the health system increases the health level of the society. The present study was carried out with the aim of development of "Health System Development Scale". Methods: The study was qualitative-quantitative. For qualitative part, a semi-structured interview with 11 experts was conducted in a targeted manner with maximum diversity and the results were analyzed by open, central and selective coding method. For quantitative part, first the validity of the questionnaire was carried out through interviews with 10 experts. Finally, the construct validity was conducted according to the opinion of 220 experts by exploratory factor analysis (with the Kaiser-Meyer-Elkin scale) and confirmatory factor analysis (in the form of divergent, convergent validity and fit indices) using SPSS and Lisrel software. Reliability was also measured by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability. Results: The scale was designed with 40 statements obtained from the findings of the qualitative study. In the quantitative part, the appearance and content validity ratio of the dimensions of the questionnaire was qualitatively confirmed (for all statements between 0.80 and 0.1). Construct validity was done by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity was between 0.53 and 0.75 and divergent validity was between 0.54 and 1. The internal consistency of the tool was approved with Cronbach's alpha coefficient between 0.75 and 0.86 and composite reliability coefficient was between 0.72 and 0.80. Conclusion: The validity and reliability of the scale was confirmed. It is suggested to use it to measure the level of development in the health system by experts in this field.

Background and aim: Edmonton symptom assessment scale (ESAS) has been developed to assess objective and subjective symptoms in patients with cancer in all stages of their disease. The aim of the study was to translate and determine the psychometric properties of ESAS in Iranian population.Methods: The current study was carried out to determine the reliability and validity of ESAS using 246 patients with cancer in Imam Khomeini hospital, Ardabil, Iran in 2016. After translating the instrument into Persian, content and face validity, discriminant validity, construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis), internal consistency and test-retest were performed to determine the psychometric properties of ESAS. To determine construct validity of the scale, confirmatory factor analysis was used by LISREL software version 8.8, and the other analyses were calculated by using SPSS software version 15.Results: Regard to good fitness indices including CFI, IFI, NFI, factor structure of ESAS with one factor were confirmed by the nine items. Discriminant validity was confirmed by finding significant differences between two groups, patients with good and ill status. Cronbach’s alpha for the overall ESAS was 0.88, and correlation between test-retest with 4-6h interval was 0.86 (r=0.86, p<0.0001).Conclusion: This study showed that Persian version of ESAS is an applicable tool for assessing symptoms distress in patients with cancer in Iranian society. This study might be the first step for utilizing this scale in any medical, rehabilitative and palliative care centers related to patients with cancer.