Introduction: Measurement has a special place in education. The main challenge of today PSYCHOMETRIC measurements is to obtain numerical values for the competencies that can be used as a basis for decision making. In view of this, the purpose of this study is to review the role, position, and application of PSYCHOMETRIC measurement in medical education exams. Methods: This review study was conducted through the keywords Measurement, Assessment, PSYCHOMETRIC, Theoretical support, Theoretical Analysis, Theoretical foundation, PSYCHOMETRIC Analysis, Test, Examination, Medical Education, Validity and Reliability at websites such as Google Scholar, PubMed, SID, ERIC and Science direct and has been done on 32 articles without از time limit. Results: From a total of 92 reviewed articles, the documentation of 32 relevant and valid articles was extracted with 31 English articles and a Persian article. Important findings of this study underline the validity, reliability, educational effect, acceptability, cost and applicability as well as sensitivity of the test, which are important features in the PSYCHOMETRICs of medical science tests. These findings highlight the importance of PSYCHOMETRIC properties in evaluations in medical education. Conclusion: The results show that due to the importance of PSYCHOMETRIC properties in medical education exams, especially in high-sensitivity exams, familiarity with these features and standardization methods of exams is a necessity for medical educators. The use of techniques to increase the validity and reliability of exams and considering the basic principles in the design, preparation, implementation and analysis of exams is recommended to policy makers and examiners, educators and those in charge of higher education.

Diagnosing and assessing of psychological maltreatment is a critical and difficult process in clinical and educational psychology, because this phenomenon has numerous negative behavioral and psychological consequences on victims. The aim of present study was investigate PSYCHOMETRIC properties of psychological maltreatment inventor. This research was a cross-sectional descriptive study. In this study, 300 patients with major depression disorder attending to Sediq Psychiatry Center in Lorestan Province were selected by convenience sampling in November to February 2013. Data was collected using a demographic questionnaire, Psychological maltreatment Inventory (AMI-24) and child abuse self-report scale. Confirmatory factor analysis in principal component method was used for data analysis. The results showed that psychological maltreatment inventor has sufficiently reliability and validity. Also, factor analysis showed that 23 items and 5 factors were best question for assessing psychological maltreatment. Thus, Considering that psychological maltreatment inventor is an appropriate instrument for assessing and measuring psychological maltreatment during childhood are recommended using of this inventory for epidemiological research on psychological maltreatment during childhood and clinical screening.

Aim Thepurpose of this study was to explainthe model of tendencyof relationship before marriage to be based on lifestyles and the usage of virtual social networks among students. Methods The method of the present study wascorrelational structural equation modeling. The statistical population of study consisted of all of students of AllamehTabatabai University who were studying in academic year1394-1393(2014-2015). 374 persons were selected for the sample group. The sampling was stratified random sampling among all colleges and universities randomly selected in proportion to male and female students. To collect survey data of research, attitude and tendency of relationship before marriage questionnaires, lifestyle questionnaire, and virtual social networks questionnaire was used. To analyze the data and fit indices and path factors to test hypotheses were used. Results The results of research showed that there is significant direct relationship between the usage of virtual social networks and tendency of relationship before marriage, also there is a significant relationship between lifestyle and usage of virtual social networks, and also the the explanatory model of tendency of relationship before marriage to be based on the life styles and the usage of virtual social networks with experimental datas had fitness. (P<0. 05) Conclusion The findings of this study can be concluded that the desire of relationship before marriage to be based on lifestyles and the usage of virtual social networks is explained.

Background and aim: Anger rumination is an inevitable, repetitive and cognitive process which occurs during anger experience, continues after it and increases its duration and severity. Anger rumination is associated with a wide range of psychological disorders, especially emotional ones. The main purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of Anger Rumination Scale (ARS) as an important tool in health studies.Materials and methods: 384 students (211 girls and 173 boys) of Tehran University took part in the study by completing Anger Rumination Scale (ARS), Tehran Multidimensional Anger Scale (TMAS), and Mental Health Inventory (MHI). The scale was validated with content, convergent and discriminant validity. Its reliability was measured by test-retest and internal consistency methods.Findings: Reliability scores of the scale were satisfactory. Its content validity was calculated with a significant result according to Kendall's coefficients of concordance for its subscales including angry afterthoughts, thoughts of revenge, angry memories and understanding of causes as well as its total score after reviewing by 10 psychology specialists. The convergent and discriminant validities of the scale were measured based on an expected pattern of correlations between it and the measures of trait-anger, state-anger, anger-in, anger-out, anger-control in, anger-control out, psychological well-being, and psychological distress with significant results.Conclusion: It can be concluded that Anger Rumination Scale (ARS) is a valid and reliable scale to measure anger rumination.

The present paper seeks to validate Classroom Emotions Scale for senior high school students in Qom. The participants were 342 students in grades two and three of human sciences course, who were selected through random multi-stage cluster sampling. All of them completed the Classroom Emotions scale designed by Titsworth et al, and Pekrun's Achievement Emotions Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent and divergent validities were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, and reliability was analyzed using Cronbach's Alpha model. The results of confirmatory factor analysis show that a three-component structure including emotion support, emotion work, and emotion valance has acceptable fitness. Cronbach's alpha for the whole scale and subscales was at an acceptable level. The evidence for convergent validity has been obtained from the positive relationship of subscales of emotion support and emotion valance with classroom positive emotions including enjoyment and hopefulness in classroom, and from the positive relationship of subscale of emotion work with classroom negative emotions including anger, shame, anxiety, hopelessness and weariness. The evidence for divergent validity has also been obtained from the negative relationship of subscales of emotion support and emotion valance with classroom negative emotions including anger, shame, anxiety, hopelessness and weariness; and from the negative relationship of subscale of emotion work with classroom positive emotions including enjoyment and hopefulness in classroom. The results show that the Persian version of Classroom Emotions Scale has acceptable PSYCHOMETRIC characteristics among the sample students, and it can be used as a valid instrument in psychological studies and surveys.

The aim of the research was to exam the PSYCHOMETRIC properties of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS). Weissman and Beck have developed the DAS. The DAS consisted of 40 items with a 7 points scale. Translation to Farsi and back translation was done for the DAS. The Farsi version of the Scale was filled out by 300 high school students. The principle component factor analysis was used to exam the factor structure of the DAS. After considering the KMO index and Barttlet test, 3 to 7 factors solution was run to exam construct validity. The results revealed a five factor structure for the DAS. The factors named: Importance of the others judgment, need to satisfy others, feeling of risk, perfectionism, and need to attention. Also alpha index and convergent validity showed efficient PSYCHOMETRIC properties for the DAS. In sum, the DAS is a reliable and valid scale for research job.

This study aimed to evaluate the PSYCHOMETRIC properties of the Moral Identity Scale, and questionnaires on moral sensitivity and moral image. They were administered on 291 students (165 girls and 117 boys) of the Islamic Azad University, Roudehen branch. To do exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with different samples, the data were divided into two groups with 141 students in each group. Principal component analysis, using data related to one of the sample groups, confirmed two-factor structure of moral identity (symbolization and internalization). The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the above factor structure. The coefficients of correlation between the moral image questionnaire, moral sensitivity, and moral identity scales indicated the concurrent validity of the scale. Cronbach's alpha for the symbolization and internalization were 0.82 and 0.86 respectively. The results of the present study, in sum, identified the Moral Identity Scale as an ideal PSYCHOMETRIC tool to measure moral identity of Islamic Azad University, Roudehen branch students.