In this paper, referring to the processes and operations of the certification bodies for quality product certificate, we introduce customer relationship management and its subsystems, Sales Force Automation (SFA), Enterprise Marketing Automation (EMA) and Customer-support and services (CSS). Also we have an overview on electronic customer relationship management from analytical and collaboration aspects, and offer the steps of the implementation for such a system in the certification bodies.

A survey of the variety of contractual systems in the oil industry shows that countries across the world use different exploration and development contracts in their oil fields. However, oil and gas industry is covered with three contractual systems (Concession, Product Sharing Contracts (PSC) and Service Contracts) and exploration and exploitation activities of projects are assigned by these systems. This notwithstanding, if we review the contract items and elements, we can understand a wide variety of contractual systems. Based on this analysis and evidence, projects with same conditions may have different fiscal regimes. Therefore, with this interpretation, financial, technical and legal issues are significant factors in contractual system. Based on contract's name, an impartial judgment could not be made. In this article, fiscal regime in product sharing agreements are explained and analyzed. Thereafter, it is shown how threshold and trigger effect the government and investors take. Finally, fiscal regime factors and their influence on oil and gas project return will be explained.

Background: Theoutcomeof primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) after liver transplantation can be affected by recurrent PSC (rPSC) and subsequent graft failure. IgG4-related sclerosing disease is a recently described entity that has a similar morphological appearance to PSC, making the distinction difficult. However, IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis has an excellent prognosis since it is steroid sensitive, but the impact of IgG4 on rPSC after liver transplant is still unknown. Objectives: To determine the association between IgG4 positive immunochemical staining in liver explants and recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis post-liver transplantation. Methods: Clinical information on all adult patients who underwent liver transplantation for PSC from 1990 to 2014 at our institution was obtained. IgG4 immunochemical staining was performed on the porta-hepatis region of these patient’ s explanted livers. Immunochemical staining was considered to be positive if the score was > 5 cells/high power field (HPF). Results: Eighty patients met inclusion criteria. IgG4 staining was positive in 21 subjects. Median time for follow-up in the IgG4 positive group was 99. 6 months compared to 152. 6 months in the IgG4 negative. There were more instances of rPSC in the IgG4 negative group compared to the IgG4 positive group (26% vs. 5%, P < 0. 009), and rPSC occurred earlier in the IgG4 negative group (P = 0. 016). The frequency of graft failure, however was not significantly different among the two groups. Conclusions: The presence of IgG4 positive cells in liver explants of patient’ s transplanted for PSC is associated with fewer episodes of and longer time to recurrent PSC. In addition, IgG4 status of the liver explants does not affect graft survival. Presence of IgG4 positive cells may suggest protective effect against recurrence of PSC.

As the first link between the host governments and oil companies, oil contracts arrangements have an important role to risk sharing between contract parties. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to provide a comparative evaluation of the risk factor (Cost Risk, Price Risk, Production Risk) of National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) in Buy-Back (BB), Production Sharing Contract (PSC), and Iranian Petroleum Contract (IPC), and choosing the best contract based on the risk factor. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon Ranking Test, the average of the NPV of the NIOC in the IPC is more than the other types of contracts. However, the NPV in the IPC does not significantly differ from BB. Other findings revealed that the most risk of rising costs to the NIOC is related to the BB, IPC, and PSC, respectively. In addition, the most risk associated with a reduction in oil production is related to BB, IPC, and PSC, respectively. the most risk associated with the oil price reduction for the NIOC related to the IPC same as BB contracts that greater than PSC.

Aims: The main purpose of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Short Form of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-Youth Self-Report (PSC-17-Y) among Iranian children and teenagers . Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all teenagers aged 11 to 17 years old in Iranian that 3305 students (1519 boys and 1786 girls) were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. After translating and obtaining the opinions of experts and subjects, the face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed. SPSS and LISREL software were used for statistical analysis. Results: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis, based LISREL software, showed that three-factor structure of the Impersonation, internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and attention symptoms in the Iranian students sample had good fit with data. Correlational analyses between this Questionnaire with Achenbach’s Behavioral Problems-Youth Self-report Scale_(YSR) provided initial evidence for the (PSC-17-Y) convergent validity. Reliability of the questionnaire based on Cronbach's alpha method, mean of variance extracted and retested for the total scale and its dimensions was confirmed. Conclusion: In sum, these findings provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the (PSC-17-Y) as an instrument to measure internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and attention symptoms among Iranian children and teenagers. This scale can be used to measure screening for psychosocial disorders in treatment and research departments.

The choice of financial regime in oil-rich countries depends on proven reserves, exploration and production costs, geological characteristics, political risks, and oil market conditions. In this article, contractual components of three contracts IPC, BUYBACK, and PSC are introduced using Visual Basic programming language, and a model structure for a 42-season period scenar-io with oil prices is created. Also, modeling based on the parameters of the Shadegan oil field is another innovation of this work. The aim of this research is to investigate the effective indica-tors in the oil and gas industry contracts based on oil price scenarios. The results of this study show that many of the constraints of the reservoir owner country have been modified in the direction of protecting oil fields and effectively controlling contractor's fees in modified mutual agreement and production sharing contracts, and the financial system of the new oil contracts is more efficient in case of an oil price increase and in the final years of production compared to production sharing and buyback contracts. In this study, comparing indicators such as internal rate of return, payback period, profitability index, and the share of both parties in the contract based on real and simulated data showed that entering into new oil contracts in Iran, especially IPC in the Shadegan oil field, can protect the oil field, prevent uncontrolled oil extraction, and control contractor's revenues, leading to lower costs and higher revenues compared to buyback and production sharing contracts for the host country (Iran).

This paper analyzes and compares the behavioral responses of the operator to the fiscal regime of the two types of contracts, Iran Petroleum Contract (IPC) and Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) with using the dynamic optimization approach (dynamic programming method). This paper aims to numerically compute the amount of distortions caused by the petroleum contracts, which creates some distortion in the investor's decision regarding to the neutral case that means there is no contractual restrictions including government share of resource rent, tax, extraction timing, cost recovery limit and so on. The focal point of this paper is the application of the stochastic dynamic programming for a real oil field in order to achieve the numerical results and using the deadweight loss (DWL) as an actual measure for assessment of the distortion of the contract regarding the first best case (neutral path). Accordingly, with using the information of the South Azadegan field, the results show that both fiscal terms of IPC and PSC have distortionary effects and the DWL of the IPC is more than that of PSC. For instance, in the reference scenario and reference oil prices the DWL of IPC and PSC are 22.22% and 21.14% respectively.

Aim: To identify primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) predisposing factors in order to prevent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) progression to PSC.Background: IBD is commonly associated with PSC and there is no effective therapy for PSC except for liver transplantation.Patients and methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 447 IBD patients from IBD Clinics of Ghaem and Emam Reza Hospitals. Data were collected by interview and through a review of the patients' medical records. Patients were divided into two groups: those with IBD and PSC (IBD-PSC) and those without PSC. Variables were compared between two groups and those with statistically significant differences in IBD-PSC group were considered as predictive factors for the development of PSC.Results: The frequency of PSC in IBDs was 4.3% and all were ulcerative colitis. The mean age of patients with PSC was 39.1±11.33 years. The male to female proportion in PSCs was 3.8:1 and in IBDs was 0.9:1. There were statistically significant associations between PSC and gender, IBD duration and UC extension, mucocutaneous involvement, oral contraceptive pills (OCP) consumption, history of surgery and history of PSC in the first- degree relatives.Conclusion: PSC frequency among IBD patients in North-East of Iran was 4.3%. It is recommended to limit OCP consumption in IBD patients. Identification and modification of probable predisposing risk factors, as well as early diagnosis of PSC are necessary.

Herein, a famous amino acid, cysteine (LC), apply as an available and low cost additive to construct perovskite solar cells based on Sn (Sn-PSCs). A carbon cell configuration is used to decrease the costs. In this study, we try to solve one of the most important issues in Sn-PSCs, the tin oxidation phenomenon. Because, oxidation phenomenon results in p-type doping and severe device deterioration and low performance in Sn-PSCs. Our results reveal that the adding of LC improves the photovoltaic parameters as a result of an effective decrease in Sn+2 oxidation. LC is a proper alternative for expensive additives to decrease tin oxidation. It is found that this strategy will open up a promising direction to application of these kinds of additives in the fabrication of Sn-PSCs.Herein, we address one of the most important issues in tin perovskite solar cells (Sn-PSCs), tin oxidation. Our results reveal adding of L-cysteine (LC) improves the photovoltaic parameters due to decreasing tin oxidation.

Background & Aims: Most of the emotional disorders and behavioral problems due to the unbalanced and changing situation of the family and social life have affected different groups of children and adolescents. Family Health problems and deficiencies, displacement of social groups and pressures caused by them, unreasonable population growth, rampant migration and displacement, widespread poverty and addiction, depression, aggression, and the glories of the absence of a guardian in many families, as well as the long-term ignorance of children's parents about the problems they face, Experience and do not update and Lack of sufficient knowledge about how to manage these issues and many other important issues, have caused the emotional and behavioral disorders of children in this century to reach an unprecedented extent. Therefore, several screening questionnaires around the world have been designed to Screen children in terms of psychosocial and emotional problems and the validity and reliability of the questionnaires have been confirmed. Methods: This study was a test (questionnaire) in which the questionnaires were completed by mothers of children aged 4-11 years, one of whose parents worked in the centers of Tehran Psychiatric Institute, Iran Psychiatric Hospital, and HazratRasoul Hospital. Sampling was selected by a simple non-random sampling method (sample available). Samples were selected from mothers who themselves or their spouses working in Tehran Psychiatric Institute, Iran Psychiatric Hospital, and Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital. According to the number of questions in the questionnaire (18 questions), 180 samples were needed to examine the factor structure of the questionnaire. Also, 30 samples were selected from 180 samples to check the reliability of the retest according to the mother's desire and the possibility of attending the retest (which also requires identification of the individual). The PSC questionnaire included questions that focused on internal and external problems and impaired concentration in children and adolescents. The questionnaire has 17 items that are scored under the three headings of "never", "sometimes" and "often". A question has also been added to the questionnaire that includes suicidal ideation and previous suicide attempts. A value of zero was considered for the title "never", a value of one was considered for the title "sometimes" and a value of two was considered for the title "always". By adding the total points, the total score was calculated. Items by the questioner A blank was considered equal to zero. If three or more questions in the questionnaire were not answered, the questionnaire would be removed from the study. The total score was calculated from 0-36. Scores were categorized into three categories: internalized problems, externalized problems, and concentration disorders. The positive items of each category included the total score of each item, which was more than 7. 7. 5, respectively. Simultaneously with the above questionnaire, SDQ and CSI-IV questionnaires were given to mothers to complete. SDQ Questionnaire is a screening questionnaire of abilities and problems among children and adolescents aged 4-16 years, which is completed by parents and completed by adolescents for the age group of 11-16 years. The questionnaire also provides information on whether the child has problems in these areas and if so, what functional impairments have led to them. This questionnaire was prepared by psychiatrists in the United Kingdom for early screening of psychiatric problems as well as the abilities of children and adolescents. SDQ questionnaire is available on websites and has been translated into 80 living languages of the world. The duration of the questionnaire is about 5-10 minutes and includes 25 questions. All versions of this questionnaire ask about 25 attributes, some positive and some negative. These 25 items are divided into 5 scales. Emotional symptoms (5 items), Behavior problems (5 items), Hyperactivity / Attention Deficit Disorder (5 items), Communication problems related to peers (5 items), Homosexual friendly behaviors (5 items). Another questionnaire used to identify psychiatric disorders in the world is the CSIIV questionnaire. it was the gold standard test for comparing the results. The parent form of this questionnaire has 98 questions and the teacher form has 87 questions. The disorders that are screened are as follows: Child coping disorder, Behavioral disorder Generalized anxiety disorder, Social phobia, Separation anxiety disorder, Major depressive disorder and Depression, Schizophrenia is a pervasive growth disorder, asperger's, vocal and motor tics. The time to complete the questionnaire is about 10 minutes. Results: After translating the questionnaire into Persian and reviewing its content and face validity by 16 psychiatrists and clinical psychologists working in the field of children and adolescents, the results were as follows: They had 94%. Face validity was also checked by the relevant team, which obtained a total of more than 95% of the total face validity questions. In the face validity assessment conducted by ten mothers participating in the project, a total of more than 87% validity was obtained. The reliability indices of the questionnaire and its dimensions were also analyzed and internal consistency or Cronbach's alpha was calculated, which was suitable for all questions and each area separately and more than 0. 7. The reliability of the quantitative retest test for 30 participants using the coefficient Spearman correlation was analyzed, which in all cases showed a high correlation. The similarity between the diagnosis was assessed by PSCA tool with SDQ and CSI-VI tools separately using Kappa statistical test, which had diagnostic similarity in ADHD. The similarities between the diagnosis of mood disorders and anxiety by PSCI tool with SDQ and CSI-VI were also examined, according to which PSC was significantly successful in distinguishing SAD (Social anxiety disorder) from CSI-VI questionnaire and emotion disorder from SDQ. There was a significant similarity between the diagnosis of externalizing disorder of PSC with ODD of CSI-VI and the conduct of SDQ. Finally, the similarity between the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders was examined. Due to the lack of a total score in the CSI-VI questionnaire, this study was performed only on PSC and SDQ. Based on this, PSC was able to identify disorders as much as SDQ. Conclusion: The Persian version of PSC is suitable for early assessment and screening of psychiatric disorders in schools, clinics, and primary health care.