Introduction: The mission of PROFESSIONAL nursing is that guarantee health promotion and recovery of patients. Several changes have occurred in the health care system and PROFESSIONAL standards and nurses, as PROFESSIONALs, should pay attention to the changes and identify factors affecting their PROFESSIONAL ROLES. The aim of this study was to clarify the nurse's viewpoint on factors affecting the PROFESSIONAL ROLES.Materials and Methods: In this qualitative research, 7 nurses in various hospitals of Tehran were selected by purposeful sampling and sampling continued data saturation. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. All interviews were recorded and hand written and using the constant comparative method and content analysis were analyzed. Ability to verify data, hand-written overview of the method was used with participants and partners.Findings: Data analysis showed that six components; cultural characteristics - beliefs of patients and his family, nurses' job security, management and leadership, gap between the theories -practice, motivational factors of work environment and nurses' personal beliefs were introduced as factors affecting the nurses' PROFESSIONAL role.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that some factors affecting the nurses’ PROFESSIONAL ROLES that may be facilitated or inhibited the PROFESSIONAL ROLES performance, and this requires a detailed understanding of the factors facilitating and hindering the nurse's PROFESSIONAL role and planning to achieve health promotion goal.

Introduction. Transition from the student’s role to the PROFESSIONAL role, as an important stage in the nursing career, is of considerable importance. Lack of readiness in new graduate nurses for transition to their PROFESSIONAL ROLES and joining the clinical setting brings about unfavorable physical and psychological reactions that act as a barrier for adaptation to their new position. This study has been conducted to make an understanding of the new graduate nurses’ experiences about their own readiness to start their new ROLES as a PROFESSIONAL nurse. Methods. This was a qualitative, phenomenological research, carried out with the participation of 9 new graduate nurses. Data collection was done through in-depth unstructured interview; Dieklemann method was used for data analysis.Results. Four themes emerged during data analysis: PROFESSIONAL competency, self-esteem, colleagues’ expectation and emotional distress.Conclusion. The findings of this study, which were the lived experiences of the participants, indicated that most of them had experienced some degrees of lack of readiness for entering the new settings. It is suggested to revise the nursing curriculum and provide appropriate educational programs to help graduate nurses in getting ready for their new ROLES.

Introduction: Nursing theses are among the most important sources to generate knowledge for nursing practice. Consideration of the five PROFESSIONAL nursing ROLES is necessary for PROFESSIONAL development of the field. This study aimed to assess the level of consideration of PROFESSIONAL nursing ROLES in nursing MSc theses and how it has changed during 2002-14.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study reviewed nursing MSc theses written during 2002-14 in Mashhad School of Nursing and Midwifery. Theses’ titles were reviewed in terms of the five nursing ROLES including caregiving, educational, communicative, advocating and managerial ROLES. Data collection tool was a researcher-made checklist for identifying the themes of theses according to the five research topics. Results: A total of 160 theses had been written in this period. Of these, 37.5% were related to caregiving role, 18.75% to educational role, 1.8% to communicative role, 6.25% to advocating role and 5.7% were related to managerial role while 30% addressed issues other than these ROLES. During these years, nursing MSc theses have been focused more on the caregiving role and the communicative role has received the least attention. The communicative, managerial and educational ROLES have gradually received further attention in this period; however, the number of miscellaneous topics has gone up too.Conclusion: Given the importance of addressing the five nursing ROLES to contribute to the PROFESSIONAL development of this field, it is necessary that future nursing theses should be more focused on and related to these ROLES.

Introduction: Undoubtedly create or strengthen the leadership skills in personnel to meet the future PROFESSIONAL needs and as one of the development and PROFESSIONAL excellence factors in complex organizations such as health care system. But create or strengthen the leadership skills in personnel need to understand the various aspects and factors affecting it.Aim: This study designed with content analysis approach to explain the main component of leadership skills in the nursing profession.Method: This study designed with qualitative approach and performed with conventional content analysis method.Participants in the study were successful nurses who were selected by purposive sampling and face to face semi-structured interview. In this study nineteen interviews were conducted and were analyzed after transcription. The semantic similarity was revised and subcategories were identified and then the related subcategories were put in a category in review revised.Results: Data analysis eventually led to the extraction of 400 primary codes, 19 subcategories, 4 categories and one theme. In this study the main categories include: self-direction, capacity building for others to patterning, effective management of duties and PROFESSIONAL responsibilities and PROFESSIONAL socialization efforts. That sterategic PROFESSIONAL insight was latent theme that derived from nurses’ lived experiences.Conclusion: In order to results designing proper policies and strategies to create and strengthen of these skills in nurses should be considered. In this way improve the quality of nursing services will be provided.

Background and Aims: The dentist's attire and appearance affects his/her relationships with the patients. It is also essential to sync the PROFESSIONAL attire in dentistry with the habits and Islamic culture of Islamic Republic of Iran, meet the patients' desires, and pay attention to the infection-control-requirements as well. The objective of the present study was to determine the patients' viewpoints about the PROFESSIONAL appearance of the dentists at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dental School in 1395-96. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 103 patients (54 females and 49 males) were studied. (α =0. 05 and standard variation=4. 5). The questionnaire were included color photographies of a female dentist and a male dentist dressed in different attires. The patients were asked to select the cleanest, and the most trustable, competent, and experienced dentist according to the 4 different attires. The frequencies and percentages of the participants’ answers to the questionaire were descriptively reported. Results: All patients preferred dentists to use white coat during their treatment. For the male dentists, most patients (45. 6%) favored simple hair model. For the female dentists, most patients (35. 9%) considered veil as the more acceptable Hejaband, and 54. 4% of them preferred light makeup. Conclusion: All patients preferred their dentists to dress in the PROFESSIONAL attire with a white coat. They believed that wearing formal-PROFESSIONAL-dressing by the dentists may show them look cleaner, and more trustable, more competent, and experienced.

This applied empirical research was aimed to investigate relation between teacher’ s PROFESSIONAL network(TPN), and faculty members in Agricultural higher education. Empirical data was gathered through survey strategy. The statistical population was composed of University faculty members from Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran(N=295). using stratified sampling method and Cochran formula, 120 of them participated in the study. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by composite reliability indexes. Along with, its validity was confirmed by face and construct validity. Dominant statistical research was combination of Structural Equation Modeling and Social network analysis. Main finding of research showed that outcomes from network activities of faculty members have significant effect on their faculty development. In other side network activities of faculty members have significant effect on PROFESSIONAL learning and in same way PROFESSIONAL learning stimulate their faculty development.

This study has suggested a model on HR PROFESSIONAL needs to E-HRM tools, HR competencies and ROLES; on the relationship between the competencies and the effective performance of the ROLES; on the impact of HR PROFESSIONAL needs to E-HRM tools as a moderator variable on the relationship between the other two variables- i.e., HR competencies and ROLES. A random sample of 140 HR PROFESSIONALs at different organizational levels in Saipa, Parskhodro and Zamyad automotive companies were taken and the data gathered through questionnaires were analyzed via SPSS and LISREL software. The findings show a clear image of each variable and their relationships. There is a significant and positive relationship between business-related competencies and the effective performance of the strategic HR management and change and transformation management ROLES; also there is a significant and positive, but weaker, relationship between PROFESSIONAL-related competencies and the effective performance of the firm infrastructure management and the employee contribution management ROLES. Furthermore, the results indicate the role of the moderator variable is more effective in former relationship than the latter.

Introduction: Community orientation is an important indictor in assessment of the functions of a health system and implementing this in pharmaceutical care, needs the ROLES and functions of pharmacists to be defined apparently. Augmented the PROFESSIONAL relationships of the pharmacists and executing the community oriented principles, would lead in improved health care delivery. Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 480 physicians and pharmacists practicing inside the territory of Isfahan were selected. A self administered attitude assessment questionnaire was designed and its validity and reliability were calculated and improved in the pre-pilot and pilot stages. An amount of 0.8 was calculated for the Cronbach's a, as a measure of reliability. Data entry and analysis was done through SPSS software (version 10). Student t-test, Chi-square and ANOVA were employed for data analysis. Factor analysis and Eigen value measurement were used for more complex data analysis and interpretation. The final questionnaire was validated and corrected as 35-item one, with defined validity and reliability. Results: After deleting 13 items from the preliminary questionnaire, the Cronbach's a improved to 0.8. The 2 professions had significantly different views regarding educational curricula in medicine and pharmacy for the related issue as well as, the community oriented pharmacy. Also, the 2 groups agreed on the revision of the role of pharmacists to improve the profession in practice. Discussion: Most physicians and pharmacists agree that pharmacist should be able to handle their PROFESSIONAL role in practice; also, they should deliver the pharmaceutical care in a community oriented setting. More targeted education and curricular revision can help reaching the goal.