The promotion of total factor PRODUCTIVITY is one of the economic goals, and the recognition of the factors influencing it has always been emphasized by economists. Entrepreneurship can be mentioned as one of the most important factors affecting the promotion of total factor PRODUCTIVITY. Considering the importance of this issue, the present study assesment the role of entrepreneurship on total factor PRODUCTIVITY in three groups of countries Factor-oriented (9 countries, including Iran), efficiency-oriented (10 countries) and innovation-oriented (16 countries) using generalized moment of method (GMM) during the period of 2008-2015. The results of the study indicate that the positive and significant impact of the entrepreneurship index and each of the five main indices (nascent entrepreneurial, early-stage entrepreneurial, new business owners, established business owners and exit from business) on the total factor PRODUCTIVITY in the studied countries. The index coefficient of nascent entrepreneurial in factor-oriented countries is greater than efficiency-oriented and innovation-oriented countries. Also, the impact of openness, information communication and technology, education, and capital intensity were examined as controlling variables in the model among these, the effect of openness on total factor PRODUCTIVITY in factor-oriented countries is meaningless, and in the efficiency-oriented and innovation-oriented countries is positive and meaningful, the effect education of positive and meaningful, the effect of capital intensity is positive and meaningful, and the effect of information and communication technology in the factor-oriented and innovation-oriented countries is negative and meaningless and in the efficiency-oriented countries group is positive and meaningful.

The purpose of this study is measuring total factor PRODUCTIVITY (TFP) growth of sugar beet for different provinces of Iran and then decomposing it to the changes in technical change, managerial efficiency change and scale efficiency change. For this purpose we used the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method and Malmquist PRODUCTIVITY index. Results showed that average growth of total factor PRODUCTIVITY of sugar beet in country level has been 47 percent during 2000-2007. On the other hand, comparisons between provinces indicate negative TFP growth for Ghazvin, Markazi and Hamedan provinces. Negative growth of PRODUCTIVITY in these provinces is often due to managerial technical inefficiency. So, this study proposes that these three provinces, could improve their TFP growth by following successful provinces.