Background: One of the most important risks in hazardous material handling is transportation accidents that have destroyed effects on environment and safety of the road. Using risk management method could control accident causing factor.Methods: All factors that affect the environmental risks of oil products transportation was specified from storage to end of the path and weighted by analytic hierarchy PROCESS (AHP) model. The final model was then attained using the acquired model on the basis of failure mode and effect analysis (FEMA) and the handling path was evaluated.Findings: The risk value for oil handling tankers at various areas except of two areas that located outside or within the town or with lower control of police is accessible. The reason for risk incensement in these two areas is due to existence of agriculture, residential hoses and high slope path.Conclusion: Transmission of oil storages inside and outside town and precise control of the driver ability by police is essential in reduction of environmental pollution risk of handling the oil products.

herbert Packer, a Stanford University law professor, constructed two models, the Due PROCESS Model and the Crime Control Model. The first model operates like conveyor belt which is going to present a convenient way to confronts Defendants.Rather, the justice criminal system which is compatible with the Crime Control Model instead of striking a balance between the rights of the accused and the society has mind to arrest, convict and punish the defendants. But in the second model, the functionalists of the criminal justice system should mind to provide the reasonable search of the defendants and consider the rights of defendants. The Crime Control Model highlights with four categories in the criminal PROCESS. According to the paper findings, the Crime Control Model in the criminal PROCESS in the presumption of guilt demands guilt, the repression of crimes is in the accusation stage and the right of the accused silent is not accepted and at last in the procedure level, the criminal dispositions should have a premium on speed and finality.

Introduction: One of the most important threats for employees working in chemical industries is exposing to the chemical materials. Lack of precaution and control regulations during working with chemicals can have irreparable consequences. So, in order to achieve an effective control program, it is necessary to have an appropriate assessment of the procedures involving exposure to the chemicals. William-fine method can provide an acceptable insight into hazard risk rate.Material and Method: In this study, a combination of AHP and William-fine adopted to achieve a model for chemicals exposure risk assessment in oil and gas industry. The numbers were extracted from questionnaire, and then, they weighted entered to assessment the model. Finally, they were presented quantitatively with protection layer.Result and Conclusion: The results revealed that the quantitative amount of consequence, probability and exposure was 83.2, 8.45, and 2.2, respectively. Generally, the chemical exposure risk number was 1546 which shows that reforming plans are in highly priorities from an economical point of view. William-fine method has the benefit of an accurate chemical exposure by combination of effect severity, exposure probability and detriment rate, and also minimization of personal judgments during the assessment.

QFD is one of the efficient tools in quality management which has a widespread application in various industries in order to improve product quality. It is also utilized as one of the quality engineering procedures for incorporating customer demands into products to increase satisfaction. The significance of the customer demands has an ambiguous value, however, as ranking the demands only importance factor is taken into consideration. At the present paper in addition to quantifying the language terms through fuzzy logic and identifying key factors with the aid of satisfaction-importance matrix, a method for determination of the priorities of the customer demands in quality house matrix through phase logic, considering the combination effect of the importance and demands satisfaction, is represented. a case study is also introduced for the products of a tire plant.

PROCESS tolerancing based on the PROCESS capability studies is the optimistic and pragmatic approach of determining the manufacturing PROCESS tolerances. On adopting the define-measure-analyze-improve-control approach, the PROCESS potential capability index (Cp) and the PROCESS performance capability index (Cpk) values of identified PROCESS characteristics of connecting rod machining PROCESS are achieved to be greater than the industry benchmark of 1.33, i.e., four sigma level. The tolerance chain diagram methodology is applied to the connecting rod in order to verify the manufacturing PROCESS tolerances at various operations of the connecting rod manufacturing PROCESS. This paper bridges the gap between the existing dimensional tolerances obtained via tolerance charting and PROCESS capability studies of the connecting rod component. Finally, the PROCESS tolerancing comparison has been done by adopting a tolerance capability expert software.

Ten polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with suspended particulate matter in the ambient air were collected at two sampling sites: urban and suburban residential areas of Yokohama, Japan from 1999 to 2005. The concentrations of target compounds were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total concentrations were higher in urban residential area than suburban residential area. They ranged from 0.31 to 6.16 ng/m3 with a mean of 2.07 ng/m3 and 0.33 to 2.87 ng/m3 with a mean of 1.02 ng/m3 in the urban and suburban residential areas, respectively. The predominant compounds determined both in the urban and suburban residential areas were benzo [b] fluoranthene, benzo [ghi] perylene, indeno [1, 2, 3-cd] pyrene and benzo [e] pyrene. The concentrations of 5- and 6-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were higher in the urban than the suburban residential area, accounting for 77.3 % and 72.1% of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, respectively. Source identification was performed by principal component analysis. Two principal components were identified for each study area and these accounted for 95.9% and 83.3% of total variance, respectively. The results revealed that stationary source and vehicle emissions were the major pollution sources in the studied areas. The impact of emission regulations for automobiles in large Japanese cities, which were enacted during 2002 and 2003, was also studied. Based on the average total concentration, emission reduction was 47.8% and 18.6% in urban residential and suburban residential areas, respectively.

A procedure is presented that synthesizes fractional crystallization separation PROCESSes to obtain pure solids from multi-component solutions. The method includes a procedure to generate a network flow model to identify alternative PROCESS designs for fractional crystallization. The main advantage of this systematic procedure with respect to other reported procedures is using non-equilibrium solubility values for crystallizers and mixing tanks as PROCESS points. By employing an approach factor to show the distance from equilibrium, a non-linear programming model is obtained. Solving the non-linear programming model, optimal PROCESS flowsheet and the corresponding non-equilibrium solubility values for PROCESS points are presented. The proposed procedure is used to design an optimal flowsheet for production of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate from Burkeite. The results show that when the approach factor goes to unity, the maximum efficiency of separation PROCESS is attained which corresponds to the minimum total flow rates and total cost of the PROCESS.

Statistical PROCESS control is an excellent quality assurance tool to improve the quality of manufacture and ultimately scores on end-customer satisfaction. SPC uses PROCESS monitoring charts to record the key quality characteristics (KQCs) of the component in manufacture. This paper elaborates on one such KQC of the manufacturing of a connecting rod of an internal combustion engine. Here the journey to attain the PROCESS potential capability index (Cp) and the PROCESS performance capability index (Cpk) values greater than 1.33 is elaborated by identifying the root cause through quality control tools like the cause-and-effect diagram and examining each cause one after another. In this paper, the define-measure-analyze-improve-control (DMAIC) approach is employed. The definition phase starts with PROCESS mapping and identifying the KQC. The next phase is the measurement phase comprising the cause-and-effect diagram and data collection of KQC measurements. Then follows the analysis phase where the PROCESS potential and performance capability indices are calculated, followed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the mean values. Finally, the PROCESS monitoring charts are used to control the PROCESS and prevent any deviations. By using this DMAIC approach, standard deviation is reduced from 0.48 to 0.048, the Cp values from 0.12 to 1.72, and the Cpk values from 0.12 to 1.37, respectively.