Purpose: To report an Iranian patient with diagnosis of Oguchi disease associated with diabetic retinopathy.Methods: A 50-year-old diabetic woman with night blindness was referred to our clinic. Complete ophthalmic examination including ophthalmoscopy after dark adaptation and paraclinic evaluations such as fluorescein angiography and electroretinography were performed.Results: In the both eyes, retinal neovascuarizaion and PRERETINAL HEMORRHAGES compatible with high-risk characteristic proliferative diabetic retinopathy were observed. In addition, a golden yellowish discoloration of posterior pole was noted in her both eyes. The diagnosis of Oguchi disease was made when this discoloration disappeared after dark adaptation for 3 hours.Electroretinograms also confirmed the diagnosis by showing a slow negative wave followed by a slow positive wave in the photopic condition and absent a- and b-waves in the scotopic state.Conclusion: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy may occur in a patient with Oguchi disease. This report represents this association in an Iranian patient for the first time.

A 21-year-old female was referred for severe bilateral visual loss 3 weeks after a diagnosis of brucellosis. On ocular examination she had bilateral optic nerve head swelling, PRERETINAL HEMORRHAGES and retinal vasculitis. The patient was diagnosed with bilateral optic neuritis secondary to brucellosis and developed optic atrophy and severe visual loss despite medical treatment. Brucellosis can lead to various types of ocular involvement including vasculitis, optic neuritis and retinal hemorrhage.

Electrocardiographic Repolarization Abnormalities(ECGRA) ;ST segment and T wave changes,QT prolongation and prominent U wave are common in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. These ECGRA have an effect on the rehabilitation and prognosis of the patients .This descriptive - prospective study was carried out in patients with thalamic, putaminal and temporal lobe HEMORRHAGES during a 19 month period at Emam Reza Hospital ,Birjand. The new ECGRA findings were compared with a recent ECG. Volume of hematoma was calculated by Broderick formula using brain CTScan. The relation between the hematomas volume and severity of ECGRA was tested by" Pearson " analysis .The correlation coefficient of hem atom a volume and severity of ECG RA in 14 thalamic, 18 putaminal and 8 temporal lobe hematomas were r=0/16,r=0,r=-0/2 respectively . Patients with small hematoma(less than 20 cubic centimeters) in thalamus had more sever ECGRA than those with putaminal and temporal lobe hematomas. The higher correlation coefficient between hematoma volume and ECGRA in thalamus is probably due to the effects of these hematomas on hypothalamic sympathetic centers.

Introduction: High bleeding due to hypolemia may cause early death. If injured persons hospitalized due to trauma, they may more likely to die. Methods for bleeding control include mechanical, heat treatment, drug therapy, or topical hemostats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of hemorrhage and their usages in all emergency bleeding cases (in the years of 2008-2019). In this study, relevant articles were collected and reviewed using keywords, local bleeding, clotting, trauma, emergency, bleeding and systematic check. The relevant articles were collected and reviewed. Currently, hemostatic materials can be used to control and reduce bleeding using a variety of mechanisms, including integration coagulation factors at one point, adhesion to tissues, and activation of coagulation cascades and so on. Some of these dressings are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Conclusion: The use of hemorrhagic bandages is one of the most important recent developments. Mineralbased HEMORRHAGES are better than other products in terms of mechanism of action. However, it is still not an ideal product. Research in this area should be given more attention.

Introduction: Thromboischemic events contribute subs tantially to morbidity and mortality of intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the incidence of neurologic and sys temic thromboischemic events in patients with acute nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage during the firs t 6 months after hemorrhage. Materials and Methods: In this randomized-cohort s tudy, we enrolled 203 patients with acute non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted in the neurology ward of Zanjan Vali-e-Asr Hospital between January 2016 and September 2016. We recorded the risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, Smoking), initial neurological indices (Glasgow coma scale, ICH score, Hunt and Hess grading), and bleeding size in these patients. Patients were then evaluated 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage for the incidence of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic s troke. Results: 165 patients had intracerebral hemorrhage and 38 patients had subarachnoid hemorrhage. The cumulative incidence of thromboischemic events in an unselected intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage population was 31%. The overall incidence rates of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic s troke after 6 months of intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage onset were 10. 9%, 5%, 10%, and 7. 4%, respectively. The mean time to the events was 145. 5 ± 5. 5 days. Conclusion: Age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation were the significant independent risk factors for thromboischemic events. Age, higher ICH score, Hunt & Hess grade, and hemorrhage size >30cc have shown significant correlations with the development of deep vein thrombosis.

Introduction: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common disease. Among cerebrovascular accidents, ICH is the most fatal subtype and many of the survivors may be severely disabled. Comatose patients with these HEMORRHAGES constitute a very special subgroup because of the high mortality rate and more uncertainty about the best surgical indications. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting surgical results of ICH in these patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, 50 patients with spontaneous ICH participated who were treated by surgery at Urmia Imam Khomeini hospital between 2008-2013, and whose GCS(Glasgow Coma Scale) was ≤ 8. Outcome of patients was assessed by Glasgow outcome scale at the time of discharge from the hospital. Patients were evaluated in regard with such factors as level of consciousness before surgery, age, gender, hypertension, size and volume of hematoma and ventricular extension of hematoma. Results: 50 patients with the mean age of 49±11.4 years were evaluated. Glasgow coma scale in 16 patients was less than 5 and in 34 patients was 5 to 8. Volume of hematoma was small in 4 patients, medium in 18 patients, and large in 28 patients. Hematoma did not extend to ventricular system in 28 cases, whereas in 22 cases hematoma was extended to ventricles. Furthermore, mortality rate was reported 52% in our series. The study results indicated level of consciousness before surgery, volume of hematoma and ventricular extension of hematoma meaningfully affected the outcome. No relationship was observed between such variables as age, gender, hypertension and outcome. Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed that within comatose patients with spontaneous ICH, the better the level of consciousness before surgery, the smaller hematoma volume and no ventricular extension of hematoma, the better the outcome will be.

This study was carried out in the winter of the year 2007 in a dairy herd at the vicinity of Tehran (Eslamshahr). Measurements were performed on 18 Holstein cows during first-lactation. Five Holstein dairy cattle were randomly selected and clinically studied, too. Length of the claw’s dorsal flexure was measured with a ruler and also the hooves trimmed in the toe vertically for measuring of the white line height. In each case, the Lesions of the hoof horn associated with hemorrhage and erosion of the solar surface were recorded and were illustrated their geographical distribution. In the heifers, positive correlation was seen between Length of the claw’s dorsal flexure and thickness of sole horn (p<0.05). Fifty-five perpercent of feet with thin soles had pathological claw horn lesions including sole hemorrhage that were located on the claw’s different regions. The most of lesion of solar surface have seen on the typical site of sole ulcer, white line zone and heel zone. Results showed that thin sole can initiated significantly more pathologic finding as compared to the normal hoof claws. In additions, concrete walking surface, commingling of animals and prolonged water contact of the claw horn have found aggravating factors in this dairy herd.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is the most common cause of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage. Repeated bleeding may be presented with vascular dementia. We have reported a 68-year-old normotensive demented patient with probable CAA presented with hemiparesia, headache and vomiting. According to the experience of this case, it is recommended to consider CAA for normotensive elderly patients presented with multiple and superficial intracerebral hemorrhage.

Introduction & Objective: Among all of the neurologic diseases in adult life, the cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is the most common and important ones. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in basal ganglia (BG) is one of the common and major types of CVD. The relations between clot size and mortality rate, in different parts of the brain, has been addressed by several researchers. It is unclear whether such a relationship is in BG. Therefore this study was designed to find a formula that predicts outcome of hemorrhage based on clot size in BG. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-comparative study that was carried out prospectively, conducted on all 63 patients who admitted to the hospital during one year, with definite diagnosis of ICH in BG. After urgent CT scanning, the size of hematoma was determined by scan images. Routine treatment was uniform for all patients. Focal signs and consciousness state were assessed in the first and last days of admission. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency tables and chi-square and T- test.Results: 33% of patients died. Hematoma size in 70% of them was larger than 5cm and in other 30% smaller. None of the hematoma with less than 4cm size was fatal. In patients with clots of 5cm or larger, the mortality was 100%.Conclusion: The results indicated that, there was meaningful relationship between hematoma size and mortality, in BG HEMORRHAGES. So the clot size can be used as a factor in predicting hemorrhage outcome in BG.