A TILING of a surface is a decomposition of the surface into pieces, i.e. tiles, which cover it without gaps or overlaps. In this paper some special POLYGONAL TILING of sphere, nellipsoid, cylinder, and torus as the most abundant shapes of fullerenes are investigated.

In this research, the surface plasmon-polariton modes at interface of a metal and a POLYGONAL chiral thin film in Kretschman configuration theoretically have been studied. With depiction of optical absorption spectra for P-linear polarized incident light, the surface plasmonic modes from the waveguide modes have been distinguished. The effect of structural parameters such as the thickness of POLYGONAL chiral thin film, the thickness of metallic thin film and the growth angle of chiral columns on the propagation of plasmonic modes has been investigated. The results showd that more than one plasmonic mode can be excited at interface of a POLYGONAL chiral thin film and a metal.

Relative peace of country in the Safavid era under the centralized First Shah Abbas reign, led to construction works in big cities. According to recognition of Shia religion in this era, and as a result, existence of a need for educational facilities in order to promotion of this religion, school-building tradition was popularized in this era more than other eras. In this regard, many schools were established by scholars, elders and rulers in the cities. Gradually, impressive attention was paid to architectural decoration in both inner and outer spaces of schools. TILING, brick work, Ma’ qeli and Karbandi decorations, and etc. are among decorations existed in Iranian schools. Usage extent of the mentioned decorations has been different in different eras. Khan School in Shiraz is one of the most important schools constructed by the rulers of Shiraz, Allah-verdi khan and his son Emam-Qoli Khan in this era. This school possesses a unique luster with four-porch pattern, chambers in two floors, a long gate, and various decorations such as Mogharnas, mosaic and seven-colored TILING with distinguished motifs and colors. This building is significant enough that has been mentioned in almost all of historical references and tourists’ travelogues in different eras. This school is significant from the architecture and architectural decoration, especially TILING points of view; and according to professor Pirnia, it is one of the most perfect schools in Iran from the plan and architectural decorations point of view. One of the obvious characteristics in the TILING decoration of this building, is the existence of different motifs in various styles. In addition, TILING in this building has a quite different color comparing with TILING in Safavid era buildings. The other point is the impressive similarity of its converge ceiling TILING with dome ceiling TILING of Sheikh-Lotf-o-Allah mosque in Isfahan. According to the construction date of the building and variety in its motifs and colors used in TILING decoration, the following question will arise; “ are these decorations related to Safavid era? Or they have joined the building during subsequent eras? Likewise, with which buildings do the motifs characteristics existed in TILING decoration of this building match? The main purpose of this study is, introduction, classification and checking the motifs existed in TILING decoration of Khan School of Shiraz. The approach of study is descriptive, comparative and data collection has been performed through field study and library method. According to occurrence of several civil wars, earthquakes, gradual erosion of the building and nonconformity of correct repair principles, architectural decorations and even the building plan have been basically changed. Obtained results suggest that most content of architectural decorations in Khan School of Shiraz includes Qajar and contemporary seven-colored tiles with herbal, bestial, geometric motifs and Quranic inscriptions in hot colors which have gradually replaced the decorations of Safavid era. Remained decorations from Safavid era have been affected by important buildings such as: Sheikh-Lotf-o-Allah mosque and Imam mosque in Isfahan due to the construction concurrency with these significant buildings.

Many of the industrial developed regions are not defined by a local and geographical delimitation. In the existing conditions, economic activities in the modern era have a dense, multi-dimensional, ambient and organized essence. In this sense, the commercial economic constellations are organized in the urban areas and also industrial regions in the vicinity areas of commercial centers. There are many examples in this regard such as ‘Osako’ in Japan, ‘Inkan’ in South Korea, ‘Beijing’, ‘Tian Jin’ in China and ‘Manil’ in the Philippines.These areas are organized in a manner that they place the urban region constellations, central urban areas and metropolises in the vicinity of industrial areas. This is distinguished by the 19th century economic production indices which considered a difference between areas of industrial geography and the areas of commercial geography. This process shows that the economic policies were based on networks which generated a full-scale junction among production, marketing, supply and commercial market areas. When economic geography changes, it shows that industrial, financial and commercial policies are installed in a ‘dense space’. The economic interaction between industrial and commercial regions is organized based on a behavioral pattern and international production networks. In this situation we have observed the emergence of great and powerful cities which are called ‘Global Cities’. These cities have an important role in the economic convergence and are incumbent upon the organization of ‘POLYGONAL development’. The theory of global cities was suggested by ‘Taylor’. He believes that the importance of global cities lies within the urban-regional networks which make extended communication with different atmospheres in economic, social and cultural areas. In these regions, production and economic exchange expand alongside the social communications. In order to stabilize this process, the networking and POLYGONAL organization of development are used.

Optical nano-antennas have been proposed as an alternative option for solar energy harvesting. In this work the power conversion efficiency of optical antennas have been proposed as an alternative option for solar energy harvesting. In this paper, an investigation is presented into bowtie, POLYGONAL and circle antennas for THz energy detection, with the aim of optimizing their geometrical parameters. HFSS Multiphysics based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to simulate the golden nano-antennas, which are placed on a silica glass substrate with er=2.09. The dielectric properties of gold is obtained by fitting the experimental data into the Drude model. A performance comparison among these designs is presented in order to find the optimum solution for this application. The main goal of this study is to design and optimize nano-antennas for maximum solar radiation energy conversion. It is shown that increasing the edges of the patch consequently tapering of the patch, decreases the value of the converted electric field.

One of approaches in weight reduction of structures is introduction of gaps in the design domain. This basic idea has led the formation of topology optimization algorithms. One of the problems frequently seen in topology optimization problems using common elements such as square or rectangular elements is the checkerboard phenomenon. Generally speaking, any discretization scheme that can better estimate the continuous design domain results in reducing the checkerboard phenomenon. In this article, the unstructured POLYGONAL finite elements are used for discretization of design domain. Two examples corresponding to convex and nonconvex design domains are investigated and improved results and Pareto charts are presented in comparison to results obtained from using the square elements. The results demonstrate that using POLYGONAL elements results in preventing the checkerboard phenomenon and reduction of computation time.

This article contains a numerical simulation of POLYGONAL hydraulic jump using the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method. This phenomenon occurs when a circular jet of a high viscous liquid impinges perpendicularly onto a flat surface. In fact, when a liquid jet hits a surface, a circular hydraulic jump appears around the stagnation point. In a fluid with low viscosity (such as water), the shape of this jump is circular and in a high viscosity fluid (e. g., ethylene glycol), a POLYGONAL structure forms. This structure is due to the presence of mechanical waves around the collision area, which is considered in the numerical method. In this paper, the results of the numerical model are validated with available experimental studies for the shape and structure of the generated hydraulic jump and its radius. Finally, based on numerical results, it is observed that a circular hydraulic jump spreads at the beginning, and after its corresponding wave collides with downstream obstacles, a POLYGONAL shape is gradually formed and stabilized. In addition, the streamlines show that the existing of high-speed flows in some points of the solution domain generates corners in the jump shape leading to the formation of a POLYGONAL hydraulic jump.

Due to avoiding utilization of human figures and abstaining from idolatry, decorations have specific geometry in Islamic art and architecture. One of the striking characteristics of the knots (girih) that has caused to dynamicity throughout its thousand-year history is its regeneration and diversification of the diverse geometric properties. Girih TILING decoration is part of geometric arts in the traditional buildings of the historic town of Masouleh dates back to eight hundred years. Traditional and local architects of this historical town have adopted special and intellectual plans for creating visual attractions in expression and creation of girih TILING in the walls of the monuments. One of these valuable solutions is diverse geometric decorations patterns. Since the main facades of the houses in this town are directly located in the sunrise direction and it is accepted landscape for the citizens of this historical town, so the artists have shown their art and style in this part of the monument and built beautiful and harmonic diverse wooden windows and variety of these patterns are seen in all five neighborhoods in this town. Girih TILING consists of straight and broken lines on a regular basis that could be reasonably expanded in the surface. In the present study, it has been tried to classify the decorations in girih TILING in the neighborhood of Masouleh and also investigate girih TILING including scrolls and edges, and also the role of decoration in this element. The methodology of the research is based on field study and direct observation of the monuments and decorations and taking image and converting into Auto CAD files with dimensional analysis. Also, for description of girih TILING, descriptive and library studies have been conducted. Questions that the research seeks to answer in this paper are: Can it 8 D be offered a defined pattern for opening girih TILINGby analyzing of the decorations in neighborhood of Khanehbar in Masouleh? And also is the largest usage of the patterns seen in scrolls (middle or central plan)? Does scroll use most patterns in its margins? The girih TILING patterns of “gavarehbari” with “boteh jegeh” designs (paisley), eight squares ornamental layout, rectangular, “hasht-chahr longeh tokhmedar”, and gavarehbari with the scales patterns are more common patterns. Fourteen patterns were seen in studying the girih TILING patterns employed in the combined windows that “alat jafari chokhati” and then rectangular TILING and seven and eight sides TILING patterns were common. The patterns used in the friezes are mostly eight squares layouts. The most common patterns in the margins are four- side TILING in all parts. Diverse patterns of girih TILING, besides with diverse combinations resulted from placing together and offering shapes in the friezes and marginal patterns have offered rich visual ornamentation in the historical city of Masouleh. Such studies aid reproduction of these patterns in the contemporary fine arts while preservation and documentation of the fine and visual patterns in the Iranian girih TILING.

This paper describes an algorithm for TILING with polyminoes that consider rotation and/or reflection of figures in the steps of 90o. First, we review the previous parallel algorithms for TILING problems. Next, we propose a hybrid approach that is based on genetic algorithms (GA) and artificial neural networks (ANN). In this approach, the production of new members in GA and their evaluation are performed by a Hopfield neural network. Finally we compare our method with the previous works, and show that our method can produce global minima for many problems. The algorithm can be used for solving a variety of 2D-packing problems.

The circular hydraulic jump usually forms when a liquid jet impinges on a horizontal flat plate. However, under certain conditions of fluid viscosity, volume flow rate and obstacle height downstream of the jump, the flow changes from super-critical to sub-critical and hydraulic jump changes shape from circular to POLYGONAL. Despite the phenomenon of the hydraulic polygon jump has observed about two decades, the experimental relationship has not been presented to estimate the number of sides of hydraulic polygon jumps. The size and number of sides of a POLYGONAL hydraulic jump depend on various factors such as fluid volume flow rate, jet diameter, fluid height downstream of the jump, and fluid physical properties; in other words, they depend on the dimensionless numbers of Reynolds, Weber, and Bond. Hence, in this study Taguchi analysis, as a Design of Experiment method, was used to investigate the effect of volume flow rate, jet diameter and obstacle height downstream of the jump on the number of the sides of a polygon hydraulic jump and Linear and nonlinear relationships was proposed for estimating the number of the sides of a POLYGONAL hydraulic jump in terms of the above mentioned parameters.