This article deals with the question of rhyme palilology in Hafiz poetry and the reasons giving rise to this phenomenon. While rhyme palilology has a fairly high frequency in Hafiz poetry, it rarely occurs in the poetry of previous poets or even the poetry of Hafiz contemporaries. In spite of the fact that palilology of rhyme was generally considered a fault in a poem in the period before the pre-Hindi style, it occurs frequently in the Hindi style, specially in the works of Saeb. And since many characteristics of Hindi style can be traced in Hafiz poetry, rhyme palilology can be attributed to Hafiz, specially because of the high frequency of the phenomenon in his work. The main reason why Hafiz used this technique was his change of opinion about rhyme. In fact, it may be claimed that Hafiz aesthetics of rhyme is to some extent different from that of other poets.

Researchers in the recent years, from among two things have accepted one and rejected the other.The first one is Saadi truthful and honest about the stories, adventures and memoirs relates which to himself? Or not.The second one is whether Saadi’s birth date which we (researchers) have guessed at and accepted with a lot of doubt, is just the same date of his birth? Or not.Because researchers have accepted their doubtful words, they relate all stories, adventures and incidents which Saadi says and claims about himself, to unbelievable, imaginary memoirs or poetrical fanciful theories.Indeed, they have destroyed and uprooted the very basis and foundation of the building, and covered its roof and ceiling with painting and pictures.This article tries to discuss a logical date about Saadi’s birth and to clarify some corners of his life, his manners, behaviours and treatments, as they are and he himself claims , while believing that every thing which he says or writes about himself is true. As a result, it will be the first steps and a production for a new biography and a real report about Saadi, the great.

The author has tried to analyse the stand POINT of "del" (heart) in Rumi"s VIEWPOINTs. Gnostics pay great attention to "del" which is their device and tool and they look at it and believe that it is God"s sight and a manifestation of his glory and elegance and the focus of his grace. Rumi- one of the most important gnostics- believes that "del" is the empyream "the earth" folcrum of his throne and a lightful sea which is God"s manifestation POINT in both worlds. He also called it (i, e: del) safe city, secure castle and a safe and secure place in which man can rest and be soothed.

Jalal al-Din Dawani is one of the prominent Islamic scholars of the school of Shiraz whose thoughts can greatly help our acquaintance with this school and its impact on Islamic philosophy. No doubt Dawani’s most important thoughts can be sought out in his anthological theories. He sets forth two approaches in this respect which are as follows:1. With regard to the unity of being, he ascribes existence to the essence of God and believes that all other beings acquire existence through ascription to that particular existence. On this basis, he considers communion of beings as relative communion which means communion in entity. With regard to the mental being, his belief is that the scientific form is different from the true being and with regard to causality he defines effect as dignity and manifestation of the cause.2. With regard to outside beings, he bases his philosophy on contingent beings whose existence cannot be distinguished from their essence. On this basis, he rejects the applicability of the incidental rule to the relation between existence and essence.The present article intends to evaluate the role of the unity of being in Dawani’s ontological thoughts and for this purpose it deals with existence and essence, forgery, mental being and causality.

Old and modern orators have applied poetic formats to express their concerns in a beautiful manner since the music and rhythm of poetry makes the content more effective.The phenomenon of poetry is not exclusive to any special civilization but rather exists in all nations.Bedouins have an innate interest in poetry due to the environment of the desert which is very imaginative. The present article studies the status of poetry after the emergence of Islam.

The basic concepts of the philosophy of Nietzsche are: becoming, the eternal return of the same, will to power, and nihilism. Nietzsche for bringing about a logical connection between these concepts reduces the concept of being to that of becoming. This reduction occurs from the man's POINT of VIEW and he believes that the meaning of being is given by man. In this paper the quality of the reduction of being to becoming and its connection to will to power and the eternal return of the same has come into inquiry.

Doubtless Nietzsche has got a new figure from the VIEW of the 20th century’s great elites and many of critics have tried to read his principal philosophical conceptions from a new look. Bachelard who is, himself, a philosopher has played a significant role in this respect. By analyzing the literal images of Nietzsche’s poems and their relationship with the four nature elements, he found out the evolution of the ideas of this philosopher and the conflicts in his paradoxical thoughts, so that he reaches the accessional psychism. From Bachelard’s POINT of VIEW, one who takes these images not as some empty rhetorical figures but as those generated from his dynamic imagination, can then put himself in the center of Nietzsche’s metaphysics. Because by literal images, he could feel the conflict between the nature elements, the mode of their metamorphosis, the conversion of the soil element to the air, the heaviness to lightness and the falling down to ascension The importance of Bachelard is that he makes complicated and abstract concepts such as voluntary power, superhuman, vital force, the eternal return, more concrete and tangible due to poetic metaphors.

Introduction: Surrogacy means necessary agreement with the womb owner who is ready for pregnancy and delivering the infant for an infertile couple. In a surrogacy, the host replaces the real mother totally and the guest child may not have any genetic relationship with his/her second mother. This study investigated the surrogacy legal dimensions according to the related issues of Iran and other countries.Methods: In this study, necessary searches were used from scientific reliable sites such as Iran Medex and NCBI about surrogacy and ART methods. The articles with the author's legal POINT of VIEW toward surrogacy were used based on Islamic jurisprudence especially Shia jurisprudence that paid attention to Iranian civil legal and social laws. This study also was referred to the articles about scientific position of surrogacy and its' effect on family problems.Findings: Tradition, law and doctrinal issues of each society should be considered in a surrogacy. In some countries such as Astralia, Germany, Swedish, Norway, Greece, Irland and Finland, using of surrogacy is illegal or there is no law about this. Any specific law does not codified in Iran. Therefore, the applicants refer to shias jurists' judgments and if they imitate of someone, they follow their Marja Taghlid. Alternatively, they follow up infertility centers and act based on their VIEWPOINT. In some contries, the benefit of infant is more important.Conclusion: Some people believe that this treatment is useful for both parties and that forbiddance of using surrogacy causes restriction for some infertile couples. Some people deem that the risk of using this method is more than its benefit. Although the vacancy of law feels universally, there is disagreement on some issues such as guardianship, parental rights and motivation of doing this work.

Mowlana’s mystical and philosophical VIEWs overall are based upon one principle and that is unity of existence (wahdat al-wujud). The pillars of this principle are as follows: being and non- being, unity and separation, conflict, and Perfect man.The present article focuses on love regarded in the philosophy of unity of existence as the foundation of Gnosticism and Asctecism. Mowlana regards love as the essence of all improvements and magnanimities. Ayn al-Qozat-e Hamadani believes that love is the intermediary between the lover and the beloved, joining them together.Mowlana believes God is the main axis of love and the world is regarded as orbits, connected to and dependent on it. Mowlana’s Masnavi begins and ends with love.