Nitrogen limitation is on of the most important factors of yield production in the field crops. Application of nitrogen fertilizer in addition of reduction in economical output, induces environmental pollution. This investigation was carried out in research field of Karoun Agriculture and industrial Co. which is located at Shoushtar. Effects of PLANTING PATTERN (0.9,1.2 and 1.5 m interrow), dat of PLANTING (22 Aug, 20 Sep and 19 Oct) and application of nitrogen (0,100,200 and 300 kgNha -1 on nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency in sugarcane (Saccharum spp) were studied in a strip split plot design with four replications. The final results indicated that relative nitrogen content were increased by high of fertilizer applications. Low plant density and nitrogen application decreased nitrogen uptake. Low plant density, late plantig and high fertilizer application resulted in low nitrogen use efficiency, also nitrogen uptake efficiency were decreased significantly in low density and high nitrogen application treatments. Nitrogen utilization efficiency on the basis of sugar yield were increased in low density, early PLANTING and low nitrogen application treatments.

Experiments was conducted in 1996 in which the effect of two PLANTING PATTERN (row width) (55 and 70 cm) as sub- factors and four PLANTING densities (3.0, 4.5, 6.0, and 7.5 plants per squares meter) as sub-sub - factors on tuber morphological characters and analysis of tuber yield in three potato varieties (Draga, Aoula, and Kasmoos) as main-factors was studied. In this experiment, the combination of three factors carrying out in statistical spilt-split plot design in randomized complete block design model and four replications. Number of tubers increased with reduction of row width. However, row width had little effect on tuber mean weight, tuber dry weight, tuber yield and harvest index. These results suggested that the usage of wider rows which is currently used in practice in limited areas, should be considered, especially where PLANTING and harvesting practice facilities is target.Increasing PLANTING density caused an increase in tuber number, tuber dry weight, tuber yield and harvest index, but the response to the final increments of PLANTING density was small. Tuber mean weight in Draga Cv. and Kasmoos Cv. were greater than Aoula Cv. due to larger numbers of tubers produced by Aoula Cv. Finaly, kasmoos Cv. with row width of 70 cm and PLANTING density of 6.0 plants per squares meter was the best and suggestable treatment combination for Ardabil region which have been capable to obtained the maximum tuber yield.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen application rates, pre-PLANTING irrigation and maize PLANTING PATTERNs on weed seed bank population. Experimental factors were nitrogen rates at 4 levels (200,300,400 and 500 kg per hectare) as main plot; and pre-PLANTING irrigation at 2 levels (irrigation before PLANTING plus weeding emerged seedlings and, irrigation after sowing), and maize PLANTING PATTERNs (one-row and two-row PLANTING of maize with same density per square of row length) that were assigned in a factorial arrangement to the sub plots. The result illustrated that all weed spices, showed a positive response to the highest level of nitrogen fertilizer. The lowest weed biomass production was observed with nitrogen application rate of 200 kg ha. The responses of corn yield to N rate were similar to those of weeds as there was a close relationship between weed biomass productions and corn yields. Overall, given the economical costs and environmental consequences of fertilizer, recommended a N application rate of 300 kg ha with pre-PLANTING irrigation and PLANTING PATTERNs (two rows) in term of both acceptable weed control and obtaining a high corn yield (almost 10 ton per hectare).

An experiment was conducted at Rasht Rice Research Institute, in 2001 to study trait relationships and to determine the direct and indirect effects of different characteristics on grain yield of rice (Orgza saliva L.). A 9x2 factorial experiment in complete randomized block design with 3 replications was used. The two factors were 9 cultivars, namely: Hashemi, AliKazemi, Binam, Sepeedroud, Nemat, Khazar, Taichung, Chanto, and Usen, and 2 PLANTING PATTERNs (15x15 cm and 30x30 cm). Significant differences were detected among cultivars, between PLANTING PATTERNs, and their interaction effects. The direct effect of the number of panicles/m2 on grain yield was positive and significant in both PLANTING PATTERNs and their combined analysis. Heading date had a positive and significant direct effect on the number of panicles/m2 in both PLANTING PATTERNs and their combined analysis. Only in 30x30 cm PLANTING PATTERN, a positive correlation was found between biomass at heading date and the number of panicles/m2. Grain weight per plant had a direct and positive effect on panicle weight in the 3 cases studied. Also, in all the cases studied, flag leaf area had positive direct effects on grain-weight per plant. Grain filling i"ate and effective grain filling period increased in 30x30 cm PLANTING PATTERN. Native cultivars demonstrated longer latent period. Grain filling rate and effective grain filling period showed positive direct effects on grain yield in both PLANTINGs. According to the results obtained, an increase in the number of panicles/m2,rate of grain filling, and effective grain filling period would enhance grain yield. Selection for heading date, grain yield per plant, and flag leaf area would also indirectly increase grain yield.

In order to have necessary information on efficient management of corn fields and evaluation of PLANTING and plant density PATTERNs and Increasing of water use efficiency from irrigation of every other corn furrows an inverstigation was conducted as strip split plot in Randomized Complete Block Design on 704 corn hybride in Jiroft Agricultural Research Center in 2002- 2004. Row distance as vertical agent (60, 70 and 75cm) and PLANTING PATTERN as horizontal agent (single row culture and double row culture on wide beds and elimenation of every other irrigation) and plant density of 65, 75 and 85 thousand plant per ha as subplots. Two year results showed that PLANTING PATTERN and plant density significantly affected corn yield (%1). Effect of row distance and interaction of row distance × PLANTING PATTERN × plant density were significant (5%). The highest yield obtained from 65 row distance (13.46 t/ha) and PLANTING PATTERN of single row (14.24 t/ha), %16 over double row and elimination of every other row irrigation. Increasing plant density resulted to higher yield. The highest yield obtained from 85000 plant per ha (13.87 t/ha). The highest yield from Interaction of three factors obtained from 70cm row distance and single row culture and 85000 plant density(16.08t/ha) and is recommendable for Jiroft region.

In order to determine of PLANTING PATTERN and PLANTING date on quality and quantity yield of Canola a field experimental was conducted in 2007 at Dezful Safiabad research center in a complete block design with four replicates. Treatments were: PLANTING date (87/9/12 and 87/8/25) and tow level PLANTING PATTERN (8:2 and 12:2) that was tow line in a row. In this research different ratio level of paternal and maternal line evaluated. Result indicated that PLANTING date has a significant effect on biological yield (2324 kg/ha), grain yield (407 kg/ha), seed size (5.8 g), harvest index (17.53%), number of pod in plant (147). And PLANTING date 87/8/25 was higher than another one. the effect of PLANTING PATTERN on biological yield (2289 kg/ha), grain yield (351 kg/ha), seed size (5.8 g) and number of pod in plant (136), were significant in 5% level. The effect of PLANTING PATTERN (8:2) on biological yield, grain yield was better than (12:2), but has not significant effect on harvest index, number of seed in pod and plant height.

An experiment was conducted in 1999 in Mashhad Agricultural Research Station. To evaluate the growth response of sugarbeet, var IC__1 (multigerm) under different PLANTING dates and PATTERNs. A split split-plot layout within a randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Mainplots were PLANTING dates (May, 5th and June, 10th), subplots were row spaces (50 and 60 cm) and sub-sub plots were plants densities (8, 10 and 12 plant m^-2). Delayed PLANTING date, increased row spacing and decreased PLANTING density, resulted in lower leaf area index (JAI), total dry matter (TDM) and crop growth rate (CGR). Net assimilation rate (NAR) reduced as PLANTING was delayed, but was not considerably affected by row spacing or PLANTING density. The least LAI, TDM and CGR were produced by eight plant m^-2 density in both PLANTING dates and row spaces. However, due to higher light use efficiency of lower LAI, eight plant m^-2 density had higher NAR. The results indicates that 10 plant m^-2 density in 50 cm row spacing may be suitable for both normal and delayed PLANTINGs, under conditions similar to this experiment.

PLANTING PATTERN through changing vegetative growth and utilization of environmental resourses affects yield components and seed yield. These effects were studied in the spring of 2000 at the Agricultural Research Station, Isfahan University of Technology, using a randomized complete block design with a split plot layout and three replications. Main plots consisted of three row distances (30 cm flat, and 45 and 60 cm on bed), and sub-plots included three PLANTING densities (30, 40, and 50 plants m^-2). The experiment was planted on March 13 using local safflower variety of Isfahan, named Koseh. Increase in row distance and plant density enhanced most developmental stages of safflower. Leaf area index was not significantly affected by row distance but increased as PLANTING density increased. Up to the 50% flowering stage, 30 cm row distance produced highest plant dry weight, but had the least dry weight at the end of the growing season, probably due to the strong shedding of leaves. Up to the end of flowering stage, 50 plants m^-2 treatment produced the highest plant dry weight, but ranked lower as compared to 30 plants m^-2 treatment at the physiological maturity, probably due to the shedding of leaves. Row distance had no significant effect on number of branches per plant and per square meter, number of heads per branch, number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight and harvest index. But number of heads per plant and per square meter as well as seed yield per plant and per square meter significantly decreased as PLANTING distance increased. Plant density had no significant effect on number of branches per plant, number of heads per square meter, number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight and seed yield. Increase in PLANTING density increased number of branches per square meter, but reduced number of heads per branch and per plant, seed yield per plant and harvest index. The highest seed yield (4769 kg ha^-1 was obtained with 30 cm row distance and 40 plants m^-2 treatment. On average, 397 kg ha^-1 petal was harvested, which has a large economic value. However, petal clipping, over all treatments, reduced seed yield by about 7.4%. Considering the advantages of uniform distribution of plants and adaptation of safflower to flat PLANTING, 30 cm row distance with 40 plants m^-2 might be appropriate for PLANTING safflower under conditions similar to this experiment.

Shortage of water resources in the country together with high water losses in the conventional surface irrigation, has increased the attention of the experts to methods of pressurized irrigation systems, especially drip irrigation equipped with tape pipes (because of the low operating pressure and low cost of pipes) as well as optimal use of water resources for cultivation of such highly consumed crops as corn. On this basis, the present study was performed to determine the effects of different levels of irrigation water, plant density and PLANTING PATTERN on yield, yield components and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) in corn, variety single cross 700 (700KSC), using drip irrigation (tape), at the Research Station of Islamabadgharb within two consecutive years (2011-2012). The project was carried out in the form of a split block factorial design in which the vertical bar was irrigation factor consisting of four irrigation level of 50, 75, 100 and 125 percent evapotranspiration. The horizontal bars represented PLANTING PATTERNs including two PLANTING PATTERNs of one vs. two-rows. Plant density consisted of three densities of 65, 75, and 85 thousand plants per hectare, implemented as a factorial of three replications. The results showed that the level of irrigation and plant density (at 1% level) and their interactions at a level of 5%, created significant difference as regards water use efficiency. Fifty percent treatment of the water requirement of corn with 0. 8 kilograms per cubic meter and 100% treatment of the water requirement, with 1. 25 kilograms of corn per cubic meter, respectively, presented the lowest vs. the highest water use efficiencies. Different levels of irrigation water created difference at 1% level) in yield, so that 125% treatment of evapotranspiration, with 11320 kg per hectare had yielded the highest, and 50% treatment of evapotranspiration, with 3442 kg per hectare, presented the lowest yield). Yield was also influenced by the density and PLANTING PATTERN with significant differences at 1% level. A density of 65 thousand plants and PLANTING PATTERN on one-row with 6596 and 7894 kg per hectare resulted in the lowest yields. The density of 75 thousands plants per hectare and PLANTING PATTERN of two-rows respectively with 8809 vs. 8195 kg per hectare rendered the highest yield. The interaction between irrigation levels and plant density created difference (at 1% level) in yield. But as regards the interaction between irrigation levels and PLANTING PATTERN as well as irrigation levels, density and PLANTING PATTERN, the effect of year and replication did not create significant differences on any of the experimented factors.

Baby corn is a premature ear of maize that is harvested as dehusked vegetable corn at 2-3 days after silking before fertilization. No enough attention has been paid to this kind of maize in the literature. In order to investigate the effect of PLANTING density and PATTERN on yield and some qualitative and morphological traits in baby corn hybrid KSC403su a field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran in 2014. The treatments were plant density at four levels: 100, 125, 150 and 175 thousands plant ha-1 and three PLANTING PATTERNs: one, two and three rows which arranged in factorial based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that yield, solar radiation, total soluble solid (TTS) and a majority of morphological traits of baby corn were significantly affected by the treatments and their interactions. With increasing of the number of rows and plant density, leaf area and plant height were increased, while the number of tillers per plant, number of ears per plant, husked and dehusked ear yield, husked and dehusked ear weight and ear diameter were decreased. The highest husked and dehusked ear yield were obtained in 150 thousands plant ha-1 and single row PLANTING PATTERN with average of 1834 and 9128 Kg ha-1, respectively. In general, one row PLANTING PATTERN at 150 thousands plant ha-1 were considered as the most suitable treatments and could be suggested for achieving acceptable yield and appropriate quality.