Time and uncertainty play a crucial role in the strategic PLANNING process [1]. Many industries have collapsed or been knocked out of the competition due to unforeseen able changes in the environment and their forecast about the future failed. Organizations are faced with unpredictable changes in new technologies, products and market places and their planned strategies are not able to respond to such a dynamic and changeable environment. These sorts of pressures are increasing in future because of the rapid developments of technology, economics and community.Needless to say, the future is not predictable but it is noteworthy that organizations can prepare themselves to face such changes and this readiness results in competitive advantages. The more the uncertainties, the more considerable the competitive advantages of organizations devised robust and stable strategies against uncertainty will be.This paper aims at introducing a method that enables organizations to draw up robust strategies in uncertain situations and leads to formulation of strategies to immunize them against environment changes.The method put forth in this paper has combined 'scenario PLANNING method' and 'fuzzy inference SYSTEM' with traditional strategic PLANNING by adopting a novel and creative approach. Using the values of uncertain factors in the external environment, this method designs some probable forthcoming scenarios of the organization and then based on fuzzy information defined by experts for fuzzy inference SYSTEMs, defines a robust strategy to deal with the designed scenarios.This method assists a manager and an organizational strategic planner in their evaluations of future environment and provides them with deep understanding of their planned strategies to keep their competitive advantages in the unstable and unsettled future.

Regional Foresight, which focuses on some of the specific land area in a given territory sub-national aims to achieve the desired future decisions, will be operational This article examines the spatial organization of Settlement SYSTEMs in Isfahan province And Presentation of the urban SYSTEM in the horizon 1420. This paper tries to identify the key factors influencing the development process at the regional scale, producing both possible and probable scenarios to provide the in the next 25 years Isfahan province. This research is a combination of documentary and survey methods in terms of category and is based on new methods in the science of future studies, analytical and exploratory in terms of nature, which is conducted by a combination of qualitative and quantitative models. Structural analysis is used to analyze data by use of MICMAC software. The results indicate that the key and strategic variables of Isfahan province development in Horizon 1420 includes: the way of countries macro management, the way of managing the province, water resources, inter-institutional cooperation, population, Research & Development, role of transnational Province, Investment security, Industrial Production and mineral, level of IT, Tourism, production technology. Based on the findings, Isfahan province in terms of arrangement space SYSTEMs will face in the next 25 years with five main scenario: Radial scenario, a scenario dismissed Islands, a cluster scenario, the scenario of multi-center, network scenario. Among the scenarios planned, the network scenario we can see the functional spatial integration in the region and the development integrated and balanced space.

Providing a plan for any corporate or firm at macro level, as an organization or enterprise resource PLANNING has particular importance nowadays. To meet the enterprise resource PLANNING needs applications software packages provide a set of uniform pre-prepared and pre-designed that covers all business process throughout an organization. To achieve maximum efficiency in the implementation of these packages and their synchronization with the needs, organizations face a very complex problem. In this paper, a decision support SYSTEM to be used for PLANNING in various economic firms is presented. By using this SYSTEM, the managers can investigate their corporate in the past and then they can make a plan for future. We implemented the proposed decision support SYSTEM for a company in Iran. This company has two production lines subject to exchange rates. In the evaluation, four alternatives to make the plan for future are applied. The experimental results show the optimizing the exchange rate allocated to production lines provides the best solution for this company.

The development of rural regions requiers PLANNING and a SYSTEM which to be desirable and efficient. In this paper the rural PLANNING SYSTEM in iran have been analysed from 1948 to 1999. The results of research indicates many problems in rural PLANNING SYSTEM. The dominance of sectoral approach and top down model in PLANNING, lack of bottom up model and unparticipation of rural pepole in PLANNING process, the uncompelet of PLANNING levels, and the lack of multi-levels in rural PLANNING are the most problems in rural PLANNING SYSTEM. Further more, to be parallel and numerous projects, and administrations carefull undistinction of executive function in rural development and managment are other problems. Finally some suggestions are made to slave problems.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, most countries in response to the complexities and problems of urbanization began their first actions of spatial PLANNING. Switzerland is not excluded from this list and started spatial PLANNING acts from the lowest level and today, after more than a century, is continuing with emphasis on spatial PLANNING principles of sustainability, public and private partnerships and using extensive modeling and simulation techniques and progress. The purpose of this article is to introduce spatial PLANNING SYSTEM in this country, and consists of three main sections: the first section is a brief introduction on the political, geographical, economical and social Situations. In the second section, it examines the background, and difficulties of spatial PLANNING SYSTEM and section three has put forth some conclusions. Swiss spatial PLANNING SYSTEM is done in three levels: Confederation, Canton and Communes with emphasis on vertical and horizontal corporation at different levels of PLANNING and autonomy of Cantons.

EXTENDED ABSTRACT Introduction The idea of organizing the urban PLANNING SYSTEM in Iran is not based on an intellectual-belief process and historical continuity, but on the basis of individual thoughts and thoughts. Such a process is due to the breakdown in the urban PLANNING SYSTEM in Iran in the era of the transition from the pre-capitalist SYSTEM, which has tried to adapt itself more to the exogenous growth pattern. The main question is why, besides the past, the urbanization of today, our cities are confronted with turmoil in all its dimensions? If our society wants to reconstruct its urban culture, the Safavid SYSTEM can be the most important reference for the urbanization of the country in all its aftermath. The urbanization of this period is based on the history of the country based on the ancient tradition of urban PLANNING concepts of Iran and the experience of the civilized countries of that period. However, the importance of urban PLANNING in Isfahan School is being studied so that, regardless of the self-sufficiency of the Renaissance urban SYSTEM, which is confined to the concepts of humanism, a comparative study has been made to find a cultural belief in organizing and organizing the urban space of the country. Methodology In order to do this research, which is a type of qualitative research, the first step after determining the scope of issues, the necessity and formulating the appropriate hypothesis, is a sample selection related to the research. Specifying the sample requires collecting information from the sample. Therefore, we collect the materials in two ways. Data collection from written and comparative analysis has been done. After collecting information, the interpretation of the information obtained is presented. After analyzing the data, extraction of the related theory is considered and at the end of the research, the writing and compilation of the results is carried out. The spatial scope of the present research is Iran, Isfahan and Italy, the city of Florence. The realm of the time is related to the era of the Safavid era and the corresponding era of the Renaissance, and in terms of subject matter in the field of urban PLANNING and design studies. The method of sampling according to the purpose of the research is based on all written, artistic and artistic documents of the Safavid era and the cities of Isfahan and Renaissance Italy and the city of Florence. The method of collecting information in a library way and reviewing documents, and the method of data analysis is carried out in two ways: Results and Discussion Urban space is influenced by many factors, and these factors are widespread in a country like Iran with a long history. In the study of urban space in Iran, we find many factors, but one of the important factors of Islamic thought and beliefs that has been effective in the formation of the city's body during the Safavid period. Historical continuity and continuity based on the upgrading of the spatial structure of the city is one of the other findings. In fact, the Safavid urban PLANNING SYSTEM has been a precise summing up of all forms of the past of urbanization and an application-oriented approach to the past to construct the new world of those times. In the new urban development in the Safavid urbanization SYSTEM, the cultural insight of perfectionism based on the ideal city has been a function of the discourse chosen to be an intellectual advancement. The dominant thought of the society of the Safavid era, seen in the Earth, is rooted in the imaginary world. Therefore, the worldview is based on the mystical concepts of the design language of Baghshahr Safavid. In the Renaissance urbanization SYSTEM, the school of humanism has influenced the formation of urban physical. Humanism has affected all branches of art and knowledge, including perspectives and mathematics, which has been effective in changing the look of the urban environment. The theme of using past experiences to enhance the city's space during the Renaissance; the importance of the concept of the field and the use of the chess network, as in the Greek era, belief in the category of symmetry as in the Roman period and respect for cultural heritage in the organization of the cultural fabric of the medieval cities is observed. The word is that the principles of the design language based on the ideal city during the Renaissance were that the city should respond to various dimensions of human life and not only provide the church's vision for the people of the people. Conclusion The city is a philosophical-scientific issue. Philosophical because of the mental-identity dimensions of the city in the range of cultural-artistic values, therefore, it is necessary to take philosophical conflict with the city. The city is a scientific category, because its spatial dimensions are valued by scientific criteria and criteria, and therefore the city deserves a scientific deal. On the other hand, the city is a "spatially-temporal" phenomenon that has evolved over time in a certain geographic location and has grown over time. This has, at any point in history, made the city turn its quantitative changes into the qualitative changes required by its age and place the concept of place and time in line with each other. Lack of continuity and historical integration of the city can put "city-location" in opposition to "city-time". Therefore, the approach to the urban issue is a process that has begun from "city philosophy" and from the intellectual-belief contexts, developed in “ place-time" (historical continuity). Therefore, if one of the conceptual dimensions of the city (philosophical, scientific, spatial and temporal) is neglected, then the "living-space" city will become the city of "living in space". A city that can no longer be considered as a philosophical subject has lost its own philosophy of existence. A city that can no longer be measured by scientific standards. Loses its real inclination. A city that was not in time, but in time, would not have life. Setting up a city does not mean that it is alive, but the city should be the child of his time. The application of the new spatial SYSTEM in the Safavid and Renaissance urban PLANNING SYSTEM is not based on an easy reciprocation and reproduction of history, but rather a reinvention of ancient concepts. Concepts that have been their "novelty and nourishment". The Safavid and Renaissance urban PLANNING SYSTEM has been working on the basis of the cultural insight of perfectionism in order to realize their ideal city, but their philosophical thinking has been completely different from each other. The Safavids, with the help of the Shiite worldview and the belief in the position of man as the caliph of Allah, seek to simultaneously meet the material needs (the response to the body), the psychological needs (self-response), and the spiritual and spiritual needs (responses to the soul) of mankind. In other words, they sought to create an allegory of the heavenly paradise on the earth, while the Renaissance urban PLANNING SYSTEM, with a completely humanistic look, is meaningless. In this period, he considers himself as the main constructor and the main player of the city, and everyone thinks about the desirable life of a human being and searches for it in his ideal city in order to promote their dignity in human life.

Today, in order to maximize the productivity, sales and profits of factories, various factors must be considered. One of these factors is energy saving, which leads to success in any businesses. Another important factor is rework in the production process, which reduces waste and optimal use of resources. In this research, a linear mathematical programming model has been developed for a multi-stage production SYSTEM considering energy consumption and the possibility of rework. The objective function of the model is calculated from a combination of energy costs and raw material costs, and the proposed model has three categories of balance constraints, demand constraints and time constraints. The balance constraints, the task of calculating the number of raw materials required and the amount of input materials to each part of the production stage, the demand constraints are the task of calculating the number of final products, and the inventory and time constraints are also the task of calculating the time available to the production of each product. A hypothetical production SYSTEM is flow shop. To understand the proposed model better, a logical example is designed and solved and analyzed using GAMS software. In the current situation, energy consumption is one of the concerns of policy make rs in the fields of production and industry, and therefore this research with the propo sed model, helps decision makers in manufacturing industries to ensure optimal ene rgy consumption, optimal decisions in adopt multi stage rework and production conditions.

In order to determine optimum landuses (in accordance with natural capability) and improve the current land management, landuse PLANNING process was applied by using GIS. Within the framework of SYSTEM analysis approach basic ecological and socio-economic data were mapped. The mapped data were digitized and imported to Idrisi and Arc/Info, to build a Database, along with other descriptive data. The process of geographic coordinates registration, building topology and editing the maps were done in Arc/Info. Then, in the analysis stage, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was prepared using contour map in Idrisi. Based on that, slope, aspect and elevation maps were produced. In the middle stage of the analysis, environmental units map and units attribute table were made by overlaying slope, elevation, aspect, soil and vegetation type and density layers in Arc/Info. Then, environmental units attribute table was completed by considering other ecological and socio-economic data in ArcView. Specific ecological models were supplied for Dadghan basin and using Structured Query Language (SQL), each of environmental units capability was determined and mapped for alloted landuses. In the last analysis and landuse PLANNING process stage, the priority of suitable landuses (in accordance with natural capability) was determined and mapped by cosidering landuse prerequisites and using SQL. Finally, in order to predict institutional, organizational and executive arrangements, criteria and regulations of establishing optimum landuses were presented together with buffers criteria and executive-organizational framework of basin management plan.