Introduction: The right use of BLOOD is necessary because of the high cost of correct BLOOD screening, BLOOD grouping, and cross match. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rate of the reserved and cross matched BLOOD before elective surgeries which were done in Bahman 22nd Hospital. It also aims at evaluating the standard guideline for ordering BLOOD.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study from 1380 to 1388 that evaluates evaluating 6145 files of the patients hospitalized in 22 Bahman 22nd Hospital for surgery during the years of 1380 to 1388. The elective operations include General surgery, Gynecology, orthopedic, ENT, Urology and Neurosurgery. The number of patients, the number of reserved and cross matched units and the number of transfused units was recorded for each group of patients collected in each groups. Finally, the number of reserved BLOOD units in that period of time and in each group was compared with the standard guideline. Also the number of transfused BLOOD units was evaluated. The ratio of cross matched to transfused BLOOD units lower than 2.5 was considered as standard. And The obtained data were analyzed, using with SPSS.Results: A total of 1557 BLOOD units of BLOOD were reserved for 772 patients.1305 units (66.47%) were cross matched, but just 126 units (8.1%) were transfused. The effective factors in increasing the possibility of transfusion were the ages<20 & >80 years old, Hb £ 12, the type of surgery and the surgeon. Although after the application of the guidelines in1385, there was 64.44% decrease in the rate of cross matching rate due to the decrease in the number of patients who were cross matched, but the average of cross matched units for each patient did not change. The total of C/T index of the hospital decreased from 14.1 to 3.7.Conclusion: The appropriate correct BLOOD reserving can decrease the unnecessary BLOOD reserves, lower the pressure on BLOOD banking centers and prevent BLOOD wastage.

The cytotoxic activity of natural killer cellsisusually tested by radioactive assay (Cr release assay),which detects the release of cytoplasmic contents after plasma membrane disintegration of dyingcells.In contrast to thisindirect evaluation of cytotoxicity, theassessment of cell damage by flow cytometry aims to provide a moreexact characterization of the death pathway via detection of the percentage of apoptosis and necrotic cells.Annexin V-FITC(Axv -FITC) can be used to label cells in the early apoptotic state,whil epropidium iodide(PI)indicates late apoptosis or necrosis. TheNK cytotoxicity of cord BLOOD (CB)and PERIPHERAL BLOOD (PB)was determined after 4 hours of incubationin the absence of cytokines.After 4 hours in vitro incubation,co-staining with AnnexinV-FITC(Axv-FITC)and propidium iodide(PI) pennitted discrimination between viable,early apoptotic and necroticcells.As we would expect, the cytotoxicity pathway inPB mononuclearcells(MNCs)consists of both apoptosis and necrosis pathways but in CBM NCs it almostconsists of early apoptosis; and necrosisis negligible.With escalating E:T(effector:target)ratio changesin the percentage of apoptotic cells in PB samples were significantly higher than CB samples. The mechanism(s)of the low cytotoxicity of restingcord NK cells isnot well understood. Complementary researchinthis field is recognized to elucidate the phenotypical and functional properties of CB cells and how they relate to maturational stages.CB studies are important for transplantation research and may provide insight to the sup-pressive mechanism by whichthehost- recipient could evade GVHD and rejection.

Introduction & Objective: Tuberculosis is an ancient disease that will affect human health in the future. Tuberculosis is a systemic disease and more body systems are affected such as hematologic system. This study was conducted to determine PERIPHERAL BLOOD changes in pulmonary tuberculosis detecting by H3technicon in Urmia hospitals in the west of Iran. Materials & Methods: In this study 85 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis were evaluated for PERIPHERAL BLOOD manifestation before and after anti tuberculosis chemotherapy. Subjects were diagnosed as active pulmonary tuberculosis with two sputum smears positive for acid fast bacillus or one smear plus one positive culture. PERIPHERAL BLOOD count and indices were determined by H3 technician system and PERIPHERAL BLOOD smear. Data were analyzed with SPSS. Win software and using MacNemar and Paired - Sample t-test. Results: According to the result of this study 60 percent of our patients were male. Prevalence of anemia at the time of presentation was 53 percent, in 18 patients (21.2 percent), anemia was severe. In the post-treatment phase, anemia was significantly lower than pretreatment phase (P=0.001). Leukocytosis was found in 31 percent and eosinophilia in 12.9 percent that was 3.5 and 2.3 percent respectively in post-treatment period. Thrombocytopenia was seen in 23.5 percent of our patients before treatment and 16.4 after it.Conclusion: Considering these results, prevalence of anemia among patients that were diagnosed as suffering active pulmonary tuberculosis was very high. Anemia in these patients was contributed to anemia of chronic disease and was not closely evaluated. After successful treatment some of anemic patients were still anemic. Anemia in presentation of tuberculosis has to be adequately evaluated and managed.

Background: Observation, categorize and count various types of white BLOOD cells in a BLOOD sample is a One of the most important steps in the treatment of various diseases. The aim of this study was to design and implement a fast and reliable and based on the processing of microscopic images of BLOOD samples for the classification of four types of white BLOOD cells. Materials and Methods: In this article, the modified k-means clustering method is used to perform image segmentation. Furthermore, The classification of white BLOOD cells was done using a deep convolutional neural network and with the help of data in the MISP database, a free database composed of microscopic BLOOD sample images. Moreover, Several regularization techniques such as dropout and image augmentation were applied to prevent the network from overfitting. Results: In the classification category, the accuracy of the neural network is measured to be 99%, which has been more successful than many earlier studies. In the segmentation section, the cross-reference index was 0. 73. Conclusion: The results of this research show that rapid and reliable system design and implementation is possible by processing the microscopic images of the BLOOD sample using different methods of image processing and machine learning.

Cryopreservation is the method of choice for long term storage of human PBMCs. This study was designed to compare the different combinations of variables affecting the cryopreservation of PBMCs samples.The viability of PBMCs separated from 2×5 ml PERIPHERAL BLOOD samples obtained from 16 healthy adult volunteers, were measured using trypan blue dye exclusion method just before freezing with different concentrations of DMSO (10, 15, and 20%) and FBS (40 or 70%) at two different temperatures (either 4oC or 25oC). Then after 2 weeks the cells were thawed and the viability was measured again. Also the PBMCs response to PHA was measured after 48 h using MTT assay. The effects of the different variables were calculated and compared among the groups.A total of 192 PBMCs cryotubes made from BLOOD samples of 16 volunteers were tested. The viability of the cells obtained by the two centrifugation procedure was the same (both more than 99%). The concentration of the FBS (40 vs 70%) did not show to have significant effects on either cells viability or response to PHA. On the other hand 20% DMSO concentration and freezing temperature at 25oC decreased both cells.Based on the obtained results, it is recommended to centrifuge the PBMCs under higher revolt speed at shorter time (700 g for 20 minutes) and decrease the FBS concentration to 40%. The DMSO concentration should be kept at 10-15% and the freezing medium be cooled down to 4oC.

Mustard gas is one of the harmful chemical agents which destroys tissues by alkylation. The lesions of this toxic agent cause short-and long-term effects. The long term lesion of this agent may cause mutagenic and carcinogenic effects including leukemia. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is one of the preleukemic disease that may leads to leukemia. In these syndromes morphology of PERIPHERAL BLOOD cells including neutrophils (eg, decrease in granulation of neutrophil and increase percentage of pelgeroid neutrophil will) change. It is believed that frequency of leukemia is raised in chemical casualties and it may occurs following myelodysplastic changes. Therefore it was decided to search the long-term effect of mustard gas on morphology of PERIPHERAL BLOOD cells. For this purpose BLOOD samples were taken from 237 chemical casualties and 202 normal subjects and examined for complete BLOOD count (CBC) and PERIPHERAL BLOOD smear.In stained smears, leukocyte differential count, large granular lymphocyte (LGL), atypical lymphocyt, hand-mirror cells, G-scoring and PPP in neutrophils were specially studied. It was concluded that The average of RBC and WBC count, and also The average of different leukocytc types except lymphocyte, were higher than normal group. The average of large granular lymphocyte, atypical lymphocyte and hand-mirror cells was high and PPP had significant change against normal.According to these results, it seems that the immune system in these patients is active. In addition, both low G-Score and high PPP in neutrophils (important morphological criteria is recommended for study of MDS in the future.

Backgrounds: Regarding the prevalence of injuries to flexor tendon in Zone II and its known side effects after routine repair, and also with respect to the possible diameter increase of repaired region after repairing with modified Kessler core suture followed by epitenon PERIPHERAL suture which in turn could cause problems in tendon motion in Zone II. This study has been developed to determine the efficacy of deep PERIPHERAL first suture technique (D.P.F.S.) in patients referring to 15 Khordad Hospital during the academic years of 1996 till 1998. Materials and methods: This clinical trial of semi-experimental type has been carried out on 50 patients suffering from tendon rupture of 70 digits in Zone [I. Patients were followed for 6 months. Strickland classification has been used for result analysis. Results: Among 50 patients with mean age of 30, 70% were male and the remaining 30% were female. Left hand was hurt in 70% of the cases and right hand in 30%. Third finger was the most common site of injury. Rupturing of both superficial and deep tendons was reported in 72% of the cases. Injury to the digital nerve was seen in 34% of the patients. Conclusion: Regarding the satisfactory results obtained in our study, deep PERIPHERAL first suture technique (D.P.F.S.) revealed to be a successful method in primary flexor tendon repair in Zone n. In the meanwhile, another clinical trial to compare this technique with other successful routine methods is strongly recommended.