Background. Oral health is a substantial subject in human health which poor hygiene can cause a disturbance in the body. Periodontitis is an inflammatory oral DISEASE that etiology factors have a critical role in it; like microorganisms and host immune response. Fluctuation expression of Immune BIOMARKERS in developmental of this DISEASE is beneficial in periodontitis diagnostic. Methods. Published articles were accomplished from PubMed, Google Scholar, Wiley, Springer, Science Direct and Elsevier from 2012 to June 2019. Entirely, 45 articles were found and related ones reviewed. Results. Not only microorganisms have a key role in the initiation of this DISEASE but also immune response affects like double edge knife in progression and recurrence. BIOMARKERS are an imperative mediator in the immune system that accomplishes many functions in the body can initiate or promote periodontitis DISEASE. Varied Cytokines such as IL-1β , IL-6, IL-17, IL-18, IL-21, and TNF-β are a critical diagnostic marker in diagnostic of PERIODONTAL DISEASE. It is proved that with the severity of periodontitis the IL-1β and IL-6 levels increased, whereas the TNF-β levels decreased. Also, post stimulation IL-1 β and IL-6 levels were higher in patients with improved treatment outcome. Conclusions. Periodontitis is a convoluted inflammatory DISEASE that affects the quality of life which immune BIOMARKERS have a critical role in the procedure and stage of this DISEASE. Study and assessment of these immunomodulators in laboratory can help to rapid diagnosis and specificity treatment of periodontitis in clinic.

Bacterial endocarditis is the infection of inner lining of heart and /or heart valves. This DISEASE is usually related to the presence of some pathogenic bacteria in mouth, digestive system or urinary tract. Most of the times, this infection happens in people with heart problems like the presence of prosthetic valves, history of previous endocarditis, some congenital heart defects and heart transplant. Some bacteria which are able to reach into blood and produce bacteremia are able to cause endocarditis in these patients. Some pathogenic bacteria in mouth may produce this DISEASE after causing PERIODONTAL infection and reaching into bloodstream. Among these bacteria, some Gram positive cocci and Gram negative bacilli have important roles. To prevent this DISEASE, it is recommended to consider oral hygiene and to receive antibiotic prophylaxis before some dental surgeries.

Background: Tracking various BIOMARKERS in serum, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and saliva has been introduced as a diagnostic tool for PERIODONTAL DISEASE detection.Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in subjects with PERIODONTAL DISEASE and levels in subjects without PERIODONTAL DISEASE.Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 170 patients at Hamadan faculty of Dentistry, including patients with PERIODONTAL DISEASE and patients with normal periodontium, were selected and divided into test and control groups. Unstimulated saliva was collected in the same situation from the test and control groups. Each saliva sample was analyzed to measure salivary LDH level on the day of collection, by using commercially available kits according to the manufacturers’ instructions. A statistical T-test was employed to evaluate significant differences among groups.Results: The mean LDH levels in the test and control groups were 1071.67731.004 and 550.91217.215, respectively. As the level of statistical significance was set at P<0.05, data analysis showed a significant difference between the LDH enzymatic level in the test and control groups (P=0.000). Comparison of the LDH enzymatic level in subjects with different genders in the test and control groups showed no significant differences (P=0.340).Conclusions: Salivary LDH levels can be used as marker of PERIODONTAL DISEASE for screening periodontitis in large populations.

Background: PERIODONTAL DISEASE causes allocation of Bacteries in blood circulation, Bacteriemy may causes reactions from host that make some changes in blood vessels and difficulties of atherosclerosis.Previous studies have demonstrated that PERIODONTAL pockets are related with total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL). In this study, we studied extent of blood LDL and Triglyceride level in patients with PERIODONTAL and compared the results with those who had non PERIODONTAL involvement and find the relation between PERIODONTAL DISEASE and risk of probability increase of blood LDL and Triglyceride.Materials & Methods: Eighty healthy people who referred to the out-patients clinics of Dentistry faculty, Azad University, Tehran, during 2003 were evaluated in this case control study. 40 patients with periodontitis constitude the case and 40 without any PERIODONTAL DISEASE made up the control group. Plaque index, Bleeding on probing (BOP), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss were measured and recorded.Triglyceride (TG), LDL, HDL, cholesterol LDL/HDL was determined for both groups and their levels have measured.Results: Spearman correlation test results a direct relation between PPD and cholesterol and LDL and between BOP and cholesterol and LDL in the control group. (r=0.382, p=0.015) Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that with starting PERIODONTAL DISEASE the Cholesterol and LDL level increased.