We conducted this study in the Agogo Traditional Area of the Ashanti region of Ghana where there are numerous cases of conflicts between crop and animal farmers as a result of insufficient pasture for livestock, especially during the dry seasons. This has drawn the attention of various stakeholders in agriculture to the need for supplement feed through pasture establishment. The study examines farmers’ PERCEPTION and the financial viability of pasture establishment for small ruminant production. The specific objectives of the study are as follow: to identify the cost and returns for the establishment of an acre of pasture, to assess the financial viability of pasture establishment on ‘cut and sell’ basis, to investigate farmers’ PERCEPTION of pasture establishment for cattle production, to conduct a SWOT analysis of the establishment of pasture in Agogo. The study purports to analyze in detail, farmers' PERCEPTIONs about the nature of the proposed 'Fodder Bank' policy and its likely effect on crop and livestock production, and whether the proposed policy could generate adequate monetary returns to induce its adoption at the farm level. The study seeks to provide evidence in support of SDG goals 2 (Zero hunger) and 12 (Responsible consumption and production) of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. To the authors' best of knowledge, this is envisage to provide valuable information to support policy initiatives intended to tackle the root cause of farmer-herder conflicts. The Asante Akim North Municipal is one of the 27 administrative Districts in the Ashanti Region. Its capital is Konongo- Odumasi. The population for this study comprises livestock and crop farmers in Agogo. Asante Akim North Municipal was purposively selected for the study because it is noted for its agrarian abilities and massive production of food in the Ashanti region. The multi stage sampling was employed in this study. At the first stage, Asante Agogo traditional area was selected purposively due to the fact that majority of the inhabitants engage in agricultural activities (GSS 2010). At the second stage, three communities in Agogo namely, Hwidiem, Ananekrom and Bebuso were selected purposively. At the third stage, quota sampling was used to obtain a specific number of farmers from each of the three communities to sum up to 150 respondents as shown in table. Simple random sampling technique was then used to engage the selected farmers in these communities. A sample size of 150 respondents were obtained using the Slovin’s formulae which is a scientific method of obtaining the sample size for a given population. Structured questionnaires consisting of open and close ended questions were used to gather primary data from respondents through face-to-face interviews. Interviews were conducted using the local dialect mostly to enhance communication and to clear all language barriers but English was used where the respondents could give accurate answers in English Language. Data per the questionnaires from respondents were concerning their PERCEPTION of pasture establishment and the assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of pasture establishment. Secondary data was sought from books, journals, dissertations and the internet. Useful and relevant information on the appropriate materials and their costs for establishing pasture was also obtained from the Agogo MoFA office, and the KNUST Department of Animal Science. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, tables and means were used to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of respondents. It was revealed in the study that majority of crop farmers have had their crops destroyed by ruminants especially cattle at least once. Additionally, the study showed that pasture establishment is one way through which crop farms destruction by livestock can be prevented as about 99% of farmers responded in the affirmative. The results for the financial viability of the venture under the assumptions used gave relevant results with BCR of 1.18 and NPV of GHC 3,160. The Internal Rate Return of the venture is estimated at 40.1% and a Pay Back period of 2.61 years. Therefore, it will be economically prudent for investors to commit resources towards establishing pasture. The PERCEPTION index for commercial, economic and financial concerns of pasture establishment was 3.7 which is skewed toward agree. The statement that had the highest positive PERCEPTION index was about the fact that pasture establishment will increase the quality of meat. This implies that respondents perceive that the commercial, economic and financial results of pasture establishment will be positive. The PERCEPTION index for the social category was 3.66. The statement with the highest positive assertion by respondents is the fact that pasture establishment will help control the movement of animals. The PERCEPTION index of 3.66 which is skewed towards agree means that pasture establishment will attract the support from the community and also bring more benefits to the society. In the category of technical concerns of pasture establishment, the overall PERCEPTION index for this category is 3.15, which means that the respondents perceive they have a fair technical know- how concerning pasture establishment even though the venture requires technical know-how. In the category of institutional concerns, support and involvement in pasture establishment, the statement with the highest PERCEPTION index is that MoFA will support farmers with the necessary resources in its capacity. With reference to the chi-square test, the study can conclude that there is a significant relationship between the type of farmer and the PERCEPTION that support can be drawn from farmer-based associations, and the PERCEPTION that pasture establishment will increase livestock production as well as the general sales of farmers. Lastly, the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between the educational background of the farmer and the PERCEPTION that it is not difficult to select planting materials for pasture establishment. Farmers in Asante Akim Agogo should adopt the establishment of pasture since it is financially viable. The establishment of pasture in Asante Akim Agogo should be encouraged since it has the potency to reduce the farmer - herder conflicts and ensure food security. For successful pasture establishment, technical know-how is essential.

Film PERCEPTION is a more complex issue than other arts due to its unique characteris tics and multifaceted nature. Among film theories, a movement called “cognitive theory” deals with such problems. However, despite all the capacities of Islamic philosophy in cognitive issues, no research has been done in the context of Islamic philosophy. But can this be pursued in the context of Islamic philosophy? The main ques tion in this research is how does the viewer perceives the film? In this research, I use the method of qualitative content analysis and library collection. Based on the common interpretation of PERCEPTION in Ibn Sina’s texts, PERCEPTION is form acquisition. The film is a hand-made art, and its production is the photographic way. Display it on a surface or screen. Provides animated images, or at leas t it is possible. This research is the s tarting point for developing the philosophy of film and cognitive theory in Islamic philosophy. According to Ibn Sina’s view, film PERCEPTION begins with the level of sensory PERCEPTION by obtaining visual and auditory forms and continues to the level of intellectual PERCEPTION appropriate to the form and content of each film. In the context of Ibn Sina’s philosophy, color exis ts in the real world. Ins tead, the viewer sees a combination of colored light and curtains that emit their light from the device’s light source. This s tudy shows film PERCEPTION’s challenging and critical context for designing and responding to film theory/philosophy issues.

The Government Trading Organization, as one of the quasi-judicial and administrative bodies, is the competent authority for addressing certain economic violations. This organization and its competencies have sometimes been viewed as a violation of the principle of separation of powers (Article 57 of the Constitution), the concentration of judicial matters in the judiciary (Article 159 of the Constitution), and the principle of judicial punishment (Article 36 of the Constitution). This perspective has led to the Government Trading Organization being perceived as a rival to the judiciary, resulting in a dismissive approach towards it. This article employs a descriptive-analytical method to respond to previous criticisms while adopting an opportunity-oriented approach to the Government Trading Organization. Accordingly, strategies such as decriminalization and judicial reduction, alongside the historical jurisprudential support of the institution of Hisbah, can be proposed as explanations for the competencies of the branches of the Government Trading Organization in addressing economic violations. Adopting an opportunity-oriented approach to the Government Trading Organization, along with efforts to address the criticisms directed at this institution, can position it as a complementary (rather than rival) entity to the judiciary and provide a suitable framework for expanding its competencies by decriminalizing economic offenses.

In this paper, the importance of PERCEPTION and assertion as the basic elements of cognition is discussed. PERCEPTION and assertion, which are taken from Greek philosophical heritage, have been accepted by most of the Islamic scholars and philosophers. These two concepts, though very important, are not very clear in understanding. The author believes if the way of looking at these concepts changes, it can solve many problems. What is argued in this article is that, in contrast with the common belief, PERCEPTION is a kind of assertion. In other words, what is acceptable for human being is only assertion. That is what takes place in ontological and epistemological dimension is assertion. This assertion is either the assertion of "what is" or then the assertion of "relationship of something to the other." With this interpretation, assertion is categorized in action and the self (soul) in knowing things acts actively. In propositions, we must look at the subjects of the clauses not to the clauses themselves. The propositions can get the adjectives of correspondence and no correspondence. Knowledge takes place if anything presents itself before the self-conscious of self, if it accepts it. This acceptance is a kind of action. Meanwhile, wisdom is present, observes everything, and confirms this action. Thus, the PERCEPTION and assertion are kinds of Self (soul)'s actions and are categorized in possession category.

There is always a meaning concealed behind functional aspects of any physical structure. This covert meaning is tranfered to the user or observer of the phenomena and forms his PERCEPTION. Studying the PERCEPTION of the visitors towards the visited structure is considered useful in several research fields. In tourism context, visitors’ PERCEPTION towards visited destination is obliged as a significant guideline for tourism planners and marketers. It determines tourists’ preferences. It influences their behavior during all trip stages from pre-travel steps to post-travel ones. In a more holistic view, tourists’ PERCEPTIONs toward the destination which is called tourist destination image not only is a pull factor for choosing the destination and purchasing the trip but also during the travel time it effects on tourists’ satisfaction level. After returning home the same image has evident impacts on remembering the trip memories and finally it might cause the first visitors to revisit the site once again. The concept has been defined as the expression of all objective knowledge, impressions, prejudice, imaginations, emotion and thoughts an individual or group might have of a particular place. In this context, destination’s built environment, architecture, buildings and monuments which are one of the main cultural attractions of any place, could make up tourist destination image. This study, examines the relationship between Iranian-Islamic architecture and post-visitors European’s image towards destination Iran. To narrow down, the research has been focused on Safavid buildings of Isfahan, a well-known Iran’s tourist destination. We are going to measure distinct aspects of the image via a model proposed by Echtner and Ritchie in 1993. This model not only conceptualizes but also provides a proper outline for measuring the image concept in a full structured way. Thus, this model compared to other pertinent presented outlines is more integrated and consequently conveys more applicable results. To assess the visitors’ PERCEPTION on visited buildings, the study consists of two main phases: determining experts’ points of view and tourists’ PERCEPTIONs. Sample size of the first phase survey is fifteen and it asks for academians in the field of Islamic architecture towards remarkable features of Safavid monuments. This phase is completely picture-based. Respondents shall rank the 100 taken pictures of related scenes in terms of the degree of beauty. The second phase includes both open-ended and close-ended questions as well as 12 selected pictures from the last phase. The results of the study indicate that Iranian- Islamic architecture has a noticeable effect on European tourists’ image. According to the findings, Naghsh-e –Jahan Square and Sheik Lotfollah Mosque are the most conspicuous and memorable places in European’s functional PERCEPTION. Responses show that most of the repliers have expressed their affective image about Iranian-Islamic architecture by the words referring to wonder, admiration and spirituality. They assumed “space” and “use of geometry” as the most noteworthy physical components in this architecture style. Findings demonstrates that Iranian-Islamic Architecture, in general can be regarded as one the main elements of image creating and brand building for destination Iran in tourism marketing strategies.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the sense of belonging to the school, the PERCEPTION of the school atmosphere and the academic vitality of elementary school boys in non-profit and normal schools in Qain city. Method: The method of this research was descriptive and comparative. The statistical population of this research included all elementary students of non-profit and normal schools in Qain city in the academic year of 2023-2024. From among the statistical population, 114 students (57 regular students and 57 male students from non-profit schools) were selected as the research sample using available sampling method. In order to collect research data, Barry, Betty and Watt (2004) School Belonging Questionnaire, Reddy and Rhodes (2007) PERCEPTION of School Atmosphere Questionnaire and Martin and Marsh (2008) Academic Vitality Questionnaire were used. In order to analyze the research data, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. Findings: The results of the research data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the variables of feeling of belonging to school, PERCEPTION of school atmosphere and academic vitality in non-profit and normal school students (p<0.005). In other words, the sense of belonging to the school, the PERCEPTION of the school atmosphere, and the academic vitality of non-profit students are more than the students of normal schools.Conclusion:The results of this research showed that the scores of normal students in the studied variables are lower than those of non-profit students, so normal schools should provide training to strengthen academic variables