Screening is the search for asymptomatic illness in a defined population: it is usually performed for the purpose of treatment but sometimes done for counseling or research several programs, such as screening for in born error of metabolism(e.g, phenyl ketonuria, hypothyroidism) are counted the triumphs of contemporary of PEDIATRICS. Screening programs are not always useful but disease can be selected for screening program that has some characters such as: 1. Disease must have a preclinic period 2. Existence of a good screening test 3. Availability of an effective treatment or prevention 4. Early diagnosis and treatment imply a better outcome

Background: Now a days, the internet has created the opportunity to communicate and share information easily, and quickly among millions of people around the world. It also facilitates the same situation for medical students and physicians. They can participate in social networking and other internet opportunities. These professions should consider patient privacy and confidentiality, honesty, appropriate boundaries of the patient and physician relationship, separating personal and professional content online, public and private personae, attention to advertising by corporation and pharmaceutical companies, and trust in the field of medical professionalism. Professionalism breaks in virtual environment can have consequences not only for individuals but also for public trust especially in the field of PEDIATRICS according to the vulnerability of children. Modeling and teaching this new aspect of professionalism or e-professionalism in digital era is very important.Conclusion: Careful attention is needed to define the implications of virtual communication and use of social media on the traditional role of pediatricians as e-professionalism.

Introduction: New Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused serious health problems worldwide. The disease first started in Wuhan, China, and then resulted in thousands of deaths throughout the world. Case Presentation: According to data from involved patients, children and neonates include a small proportion of patients with COVID-19. However, in some cases, hospitalization and even death still may occur. In this case report, we described mortality associated with COVID-19 in two PEDIATRICS from Qom city, Iran. One of them presented with severe symptoms that needed high-flow ventilation and admission to the ICU. Conclusions: The findings of this report confirm that COVID-19 may cause death in PEDIATRICS, like in adults. Timely diagnosis, precise evaluation of clinical symptoms, and effective treatment of COVID-19-infected children can play an important role in reducing mortality rates.

Background: The Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Zahedan implemented the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in the final Examination during the 2003–2004 academic year. Simultaneously, the pediatric department initiated faculty and student training, and instituted the OSCE as an assessment instrument during the pediatric clerkship in year 5. The study set out to explore student acceptance of the OSCE as part of an evaluation of the Pediatric clerkship. Purpose: This study implemented to evaluate a new method of assessment in medical education in PEDIATRICS. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was completed by successive groups of students immediately after the OSCE at the end of each clerkship rotation. Main outcome measures were student perception of examination attributes, which included the quality of instructions and organization, the quality of performance, authenticity and transparency of the process, and usefulness of the OSCE as an assessment instrument compared to other methods. Results: There was overwhelming acceptance of the OSCE in Pediatric with respect to the comprehensiveness (90%), transparency (87%), fairness (57%) and authenticity of the required tasks (58–78%). However, students felt that it was a strong anxiety-producing experience. And concerns were expressed regarding the ambiguity of some questions and inadequacy of time for expected tasks.Conclusion: Student feedback was invaluable in influencing faculty teaching, curriculum direction and appreciation of student opinion. Further psychometric evaluation will strengthen the development of the OSCE.

Background: The most common soft tissue tumors during infancy and childhood are vascular lesions. Although the vast majority of these lesions have typical clinical features with no need for any further exam, but sometimes atypical superficial or deeply located lesions require complementary studies to be diagnosed and classified. In that way it is also very important to exclude very less common malignant soft tumors. Imaging studies play an essential role for categorization of vascular lesions before taking any therapeutic decision. Methods: Vascular tumors such as hemangiomas and vascular malformations have their own imaging characteristics to be classified. Although MRI is the best imaging modality because of its excellent soft tissue resolution, but Ultrasound and Color Doppler studies are the first step and sometimes preferred imaging approach in most of the cases. This is a review article to describe different types of vascular lesions in childhood and infancy and explain various imaging findings of each one.