The linkage between sustainable agriculture, poverty and agricultural extension efforts and their impacts on rural centers in Behbahan Shahrestan has been discussed in this paper. Data were collected from 200 farmers in 40 villages of this Shahrestan. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used for selecting villages and farmers. The findings of path ANALYSIS in three different causal models provide the complexity of relationships between variables and environmental degradation so that there is a causal relationship between poverty and unsustainability. Lack of direct causal effect of use of technology and extension efforts on sustainability in three models indicated the structural and institutional limitations of extension in diffusion of appropriate technologies. Finally, recommendations regarding regional planning with respect to socio-economic characteristics and changing from TOT approach to other alternatives and revising the education programs of extension agents are provided.

Objective(s): To evaluate the direct and indirect effects of different factors on fertility using the path ANALYSIS.Methods: Data were obtained from the research project ''Evaluating the effective elements on the tempo and quantum of fertility in Mazandaran Province in year 2000'', and by a questionnaire containing three sections (demographics, fertility data and family planning). This was a descriptive-analytic study and sampling was performed by a two-stage random procedure. A total of 1343 families were initially included in the study. The research targeted married women aged 10-54 years. We used path ANALYSIS to calculate the effect size and 95% confidence intervals for the following set of factors: mothers' age, mothers' education, duration of marriage, age at marriage, and mothers' age at her first pregnancy.Results: In total 1137 women participated in the study. The duration of marriage showed the strongest positive direct effect on fertility (r=0.428); the second strongest positive effect belonged to mothers' age (r=0.203). Mothers' education had the most powerful negative direct effect (r=-0.182). Mothers' age also had the strongest indirect effect (r=0.437), while mothers' education showed the greatest negative indirect effect (r=-0.153). All of the calculated effects were statistically significant (P-Value <0.001).Conclusion: This research illustrated the powerful effect of mothers' education on fertility. There is a potential for effective birth control through modification of factors that have a strong influence on fertility. It is difficult to change all of the factors at once, thus as a first step it might be better to concentrate on duration of marriage and mothers' education.

The purpose of this study, identifying internal and external situation ANALYSIS sport in the province of hamedan by the year 1388. In this study, research methods used are both quantitative methods and qualitative methods of interviews and meetings focused on FOG: (Focus Discussion Group). Total Statistical population including 67 Person that were due to the limited as they were intended. The questionnaire is a consisting of two instrument, The Delphi method was designed and set up a formal credit was approved by experts in physical education Its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (82/.r =) was calculated and determined, which was distributed in two stages. In addition to descriptive statistics to analyze data from the SWOT ANALYSIS method was used. The findings showed; sport of the hamedan province in internal and external factors, have more strengths and opportunities. That can help in situations with strategies intended to exploit weaknesses opportunities and threats in order to reduce pay. Recommended sport of the hamedan province in good capacity in the province, with its special geographical position, trying to attract foreign investment and private sector to compensate for deficiencies in sports and physical education should go forward.

Aim and Background: The main purpose of this study was to review the effectiveness of applied behavioral ANALYSIS (ABA) approach on symptoms of autistic children during a five-year period.Methods and Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 autistic children (3-7 years of age) were intervened by ABA approach at Isfahan Center of Autism for a period of five years (2007-12). Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS) was filled out at baseline and at the end of the five-year period. Besides, the subjects were assessed by a checklist including cognitive comprehension, mathematical and verbal skills, and self-help at the beginning of the study and at the end of each year. After five years, all collected data was analyzed with SPSS19.Findings: Pretest and the posttest values of stereotypic behaviors, communication problems, social interactions, and GARS total scores were significantly different (P<0.001). Furthermore, significant improvements in cognitive comprehension, mathematical and verbal skills, and self-help were observed after each year and at the end of the five-year period (P<0.001).Conclusions: On the whole, it can be concluded that ABA-based interventions can effectively reduce symptoms of autism and increase skills.

Determining the boundaries of genera in subtribe Trigonellinae Small has been one of the most controversial taxonomic issues in this field in last 100 years. Proposing the many characters for separating these genera by various botanists can be considered as a reason for this claim. Characters of the flower parts as well as other vegetative traits have been used extensively. Here on the basis of 5 qualitative and 19 quantitative flower characters we separated Trigonella species (especially perennial section Ellipticae (Boiss. ) Sirj. ) from other genera of this subtribe and showed the results in dendrogram and scatter plot. Placement of the Medicagoid species of section Bucerates (Boiss. ) Sirj. and Medicago L. in one branch and presence of Melilotus indicus (L. ) All. along with other Trigonella species (except section Ellipticae as a distinct branch) are the main results of this investigation.

Changes of up to 80°C has been reported for oral cavity temperature. This could well effecti on the nature of restorations for example failure of bonding of adhesive restorations. It is advocated that using opaque layer in porcelane to restorations could reduce this problem. This experimental study was designed to evaluate the effect mentioned using finitelement ANALYSIS method.Results showed that cooling has a more destructive effect than warming process restorations with the presence of opaque having a finitelement ANALYSIS effect on restorations.

Background: Diagnosis of mycobacterium genus provides a basis for investigating the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this group of bacteria. Regarding the prevalence of mycobacterial infection in Iran and because of the being neighborhood with countries among 22 high-burden countries, increasing attention to mycobacterial diseases and introducing molecular epidemiology of Mycobacteria seems to be necessary. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ANALYSIS of Polymerase Chain Reaction-Amplified Fragments (PCR-RFLP) is an inexpensive and accurate method providing diagnosis of mycobacterial species. The present study aimed to determine the common types of Mycobacteria in this geographical region by mentioned method.Methods: 34 clinical isolates were collected and cultured and identified by phenotypic methods. A 360-bp fragment of the rpoB gene was amplified by PCR and then, PCR products were digested by the two enzymes, MspI and HaeIII. Digested fragments were analyzed by using 4% metaphor agarose gel electrophoresis.Findings: Out of 34 species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs), M. fortuitum type I with the frequency of 82.35% was the most frequent type and M. gordonae type I and M. kansasii type I both with the frequency of 5.88% andM. gordonae type II and M. intracellular both with the frequency of 2.94% were the next.Conclusion: The PCR-RFLP ANALYSIS of rpoB gene used for identification of Mycobacteria provided valid results in this geographical area. In this study, M. kansasii type I (HeaIII: 90/205, MspI: 30/40/60/175) and M. avium (HeaIII: 270; MspI: 40/80/105) were identical to the patterns of some studies and different from others. This study demonstrated the high sensitivity (100%) of used PCRRFLP ANALYSIS method for identification of Mycobacteria.

Introduction: Nowadays, higher education has transformed as dynamic and complicated academic activity, soit’s required for university managers to grasp exact and deep knowledge, and understanding about university circumstances, to effectiveness of university management. This research was aimed to identify circumstances and evaluation of organization through internal and external ANALYSIS in case School of Management and Medical Information Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in the year 2007. Methods: This is a descriptive - survey research, combined with qualitative method. The research population including all of provides chancellors and managers of this university. The data collecting tools are interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. For data analyzing we used qualitative ANALYSIS (SWOT), and descriptive statistics methods. Results: Findings showed that the school has more strength points and opportunities than weaknesses or threat points. So we can use more of opportunities in the way of reduce of weakness. Of course cultural part in this collage has the most weakness. From the collage problems, we can point to the management strong challenges, high concentration in management of university, lack of thinking and invest attitude to the school. Conclusion: School of Management and Medical Information Science is in a good situation, and could use external and internal environmental factors appropriately. But still it is face to many problem; needs strategic planning and prospect looking, and exploiting strengths and opportunities.