Introduction: Methamphetamine (MAMP) is a central nervous system stimulant, but it is increasingly abused as a psychedelic tablet by teenagers and young adults. In this experimental study, we evaluate the effects of MAMP on sperm PARAMETERS of mature rat.Methods: MAMP or saline were injected in three experiments as follow: In the first experiment, twenty-four rats were injected one time with 10mg/kg MAMP, and sperms were sampled from tail of epididymis 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h after injection (n=4, at each time). Six rats injected with saline served as controls. In the second experiment, four groups of rats each consisting of four rats were administered MAMP (5, 10 and 15mg/kg) or saline, respectively, and examined 24h later. In the third experiment, 16 rats were evenly divided into four groups (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg MAMP and control) and were injected MAMP or saline once daily for 14 consecutive days (spermatogenesis period) and sperms were sampled 24 h after the last injection.The motility, concentration and morphology of the sampled sperms were evaluated. We also measured the body and testis weights and used the testis/body weight ratio as an index at the end of each experiment.Results: At 24 and 48 h after injection with a single dose of 10 mg/kg MAMP, the number of sperms decreased significantly in comparison with controls (p£0.001 and P£0.05 respectively). In the second experiment, the number of sperms for three doses of MAMP significantly decreased in the two upper doses (P<0.001) and in the lower dose (P£0.05).The results of the third experiment were similar but the decrease of sperms number was more than that in the second experiment. MAMP did not change the testis/body weight ratio in the first and second experiments, but it significantly decreased this index in rats of the third experiment which received 10 and 5 mg/kg MAMP daily. We did not observe differences between experimental and control groups in motility and morphology of sperms.Conclusion: Our results indicate that the repeated administration and/or higher doses of MAMP reduce the number of mature sperms in the tail of epididymis and have adverse effects on the reproduction and fertility of MAMP users.

Background and Objectives: Infertility is a reproductive disorder that a person has no reproductive ability, despite having a regular and unprotected sex for at least one year. Studies have shown that antioxidants can play an important role in improving infertility. The aim of this study was to summarize the data from clinical trial articles on the effects of lycopene supplementation on different PARAMETERS of sperm in infertile men. Methods: In the present systematic review study on the researches carried out on the relationship between lycopene and infertility, the studies on the effect of lycopene supplementation on male infertility, were investigated through PubMed, Scopus, ISI, and Google Scholar databases between 1990 and 2018 using keywords of lycopene, antioxidant, sperm PARAMETERS, male infertility, and semen PARAMETERS. Results: In most clinical trials, lycopene has a significant effect on the number, motility, and morphology of sperm, and also significant changes were seen with changes in antioxidant capacity and oxidative factors that have a significant role in changing sperm PARAMETERS. Changes in the surface of the receptors as well as oxidative enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were among other results observed in the studies. However, in some studies, no significant effect was found in sperm PARAMETERS. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that lycopene supplementation can have a positive effect on sperm PARAMETERS, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzymes, but due to the low number of studies, especially in the human community, more trials are needed in this field.

Temperature is one of the major PARAMETERS of plant growth and influences the amount of water requirement. Therefore, in this paper, the future temperature trend in the Abhar area was studied under the influence of climate change during the future time periods and compared with the observation period. In this way, the observation period of 1986-2010, the horizon near 2045-2011, the middle horizon of 2046-2070, and the far horizon of 2080-2100 was considered. The LARS-WG software was used in order to downscale, scenario file generation and general circulation atmospheric model simulation. In order to simulate the climate was used, the HadCM3 model by A2 scenario. In generating a scenario file, the numbers of both series (GCM PREDICTIONS and LARS-WG PARAMETERS) were considered, and the scenario file was generated for each of the three horizons future near, middle and far. The results of this study show the increasing trend of minimum, average and maximum temperature PARAMETERS over the next horizons. The amounts of the increase of the PARAMETERS studied during the mentioned horizons, respectively, in the parameter of the minimum annual temperature of 0. 63, 1. 64 and 3. 34° C, the mean annual temperature was 0. 26, 0. 72 and 1. 46 ° C and maximum temperature parameter will be 0. 32, 0. 55 and 0. 81° C.

This study introduces otosclerosis which is a disease of the otic capsule. Otosclerosis is an important auditory and vestibular disease that cab be treated effectively. According to the incidence of disease, lack of complete data in Iran, capability of prevention and treatment of hearing loss disabilities in society, we reviewed this disease in Isfahan. Of the 10,400 patients who were examined for our study, 48 patients had otosclerosis. The incidence of the disease is 5 in 1,000. From 48 cases of otosclerosis in this study, 26 cases had surgery (stapedectomy and insertion of Teflon piston). The results of surgery were excellent; all cases had improvement in hearing level and decreased air bong gap. In four patients who had active phase of disease, Na-F was used until the disease was stabilized.

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the correlation between thermodynamic PARAMETERS, ideal solubility and some pharmacokinetic PARAMETERS of the compounds.Methods: For thermodynamics analysis, 5 mg of pure drug was weighed in a aluminum pan. Thermodynamic PARAMETERS were used for determination of ideal solubility. Correlation between ideal solubility and physicochemical and pharmacokinetic PARAMETERS was investigated.Results: The results indicated that there is a linear correlation between ideal solubility and permeability with R=0.8. There are also meaningful correlation between ideal solubility and other physicochemical and pharmacokinetic PARAMETERS.Conclusion: This investigation revealed that the ideal solubility could be an appropriate parameter for prediction of drugs pharmacokinetics.

Introduction: Infertility is one of the most common problems in the world. In addition to recent attention to complementary drugs and alternative medicine for treatment of infertility, such as male infertility, the effect of some herbal medicines on sperm PARAMETERS has been studied. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted with aim to investigate the effect of Tribulus Terrestris on male fertility. Methods: In this systematic review, the databases of PubMed, Web of science, google scholar, Scopus, Cochrane, Sid, Magiran, and Iranmedex were searched using the keywords of “ Tribulus Terrestris” , “ Fertility” , “ Infertility” , “ Oligo Azoospermia “ and “ Sperm PARAMETERS” without time and language limitation. All the articles published until 30 Nov 2017 were included in the study. Finally, nine articles were included that four articles were export in Meta-analysis process. Data were analyzed by comprehensive software (version 2). Cochran test and I2 index were used to assess the heterogeneity of the articles. Results: out of 1075 obtained articles, nine articles were entered to the systematic study that four article were export in Meta analysis process. The combination of data showed that the use of Tribulus Terrestris in men was accompanied by an increase in the PARAMETERS of sperm concentration and improved sperm morphology and sperm motility. Conclusion: Tribulus Terrestris is effective on the sperm PARAMETERS and sexual function in men and can be used as complementary medicine along with other treatments in infertility with male factors. Key words:

Background: Lead (Pb) brings about a variety of cognitive, mental, renal, and blood system disorders by inducing oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to compare blood and urine PARAMETERS in the workers exposed to Pb and zinc (Zn) with those in the control group.Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with a total number of 134 subjects. The case group included 67 male workers with the age range of 22-65 who had at least worked a minimum of one work shift for two years in the Zn-Pb mine located in the southwest of Arak, Iran. Control subjects consisted of 67 farmers of a village near the mine who had no history of occupational exposure to Pb, Zn, and other metals. Mental disorders were evaluated through the standard Scl-90-R while cognitive disorders were evaluated via the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE).Results: The mean level of blood and urine PARAMETERS did not reveal significant differences between the two groups. The mean scores of physical complaints, anxiety, and aggression scales were significantly higher in the case group than the control (p<0.05), whereas the mean scores on MMSE did not reveal a significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion: The oxidative stress of Pb led to mental disorders; as a result, the mine workers suffered from more psycho- pathology and are in need of greater care. Due to the impacts of Pb and Zn, the proper use of safety equipments and taking daily showers can reduce the risk of absorption of toxic agents and their subsequent hazards for workers.

Two maneuvering target tracking techniques which are based on the Input Estimation (IE) approach are compared in this paper. The performance effectiveness of these methods are evaluated and compared in a high maneuvering target parameter estimation process. It is shown that both of the above techniques are degraded when targets move with high maneuver. In this paper an innovation matrix covariance resetting is proposed to overcome the inefficiency exist in high maneuvering target parameter estimation.

Water samples have been collected from a part of Surma River along different points and analyzed for various water quality PARAMETERS during dry and monsoon periods. Effects of industrial wastes, municipal sewage, and agricultural runoff on river water quality have been investigated. The study was conducted within the Chattak to Sunamganj portion of Surma River, which is significant due to the presence of two major industries-a paper mill and a cement factory. The other significant feature is the conveyors that travel from India to Chattak. This study involves determination of physical, biological and chemical PARAMETERS of surface water at different points. The river was found to be highly turbid in the monsoon season. But BOD and fecal coliform concentration was found higher in the dry season. The water was found slightly acidic. The mean values of PARAMETERS were Conductivity 84-805μs; DO: dry-5.52 mg/L, monsoon-5.72 mg/L; BOD: dry-1 mg/L, monsoon-0.878 mg/L; Total Solid: dry-149.4 mg/L, monsoon-145.7 mg/L. A model study was also conducted and values of different model PARAMETERS were estimated.