Relational goals newly added to the teachers’ goal orientation framework have been identified as one of the central features of effective teaching. However, little research has taken such goals into account, specifically in higher education contexts. Concerning the association between self-efficacy and goal orientations, this study was undertaken to investigate the predictive power of instructors’ relational goals over teaching-related OUTCOMES with teaching self-efficacy as a mediator. Three hundred thirty-eight Iranian EFL university instructors participated in the study. Their relational goals and teaching-related cognitive, affective, and behavioral OUTCOMES were assessed through four scales (Instructors’ Achievement Goals for Teaching, Attitudes towards Help-Seeking, Positive Affect, and SEEQ (Students’ Evaluations of Educational Quality) Self-Reported Teaching Quality). Through a Structural Equation Modeling method, the proposed model was tested. The results confirmed the mediating effect of teaching self-efficacy on the relationship between instructors’ relational goals and their teaching-related OUTCOMES. Relational goal-oriented instructors with teaching self-efficacy viewed help-seeking (cognitive OUTCOMES) as a beneficial performance rather than a threat. Regarding their positive affect (affective OUTCOMES), the results indicated instructors’ great enthusiasm for more effective teaching. Considering instructors’ self-reported teaching quality (behavioral OUTCOMES), their engagement and commitment in teaching were shown. In conclusion, the results emphasized the importance of instructors’ relational goals in establishing high-quality learning and teaching environments.

Background: Women 35-39 years old have a 2–3 fold higher risk of pregnancy-related death than women in their twenties, and the risk is even more dramatic for women 40 years and older.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of maternal age with risk of adverse pregnancy and mother OUTCOMES in our setting, Tehran, Iran.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational hospital-based study, 538 nulliparous women were assessed. The association between maternal age and various pregnancy and neonatal OUTCOMES were reported. Data were extracted from the database of Akbar Abadi hospital in Tehran from 2001-2006 records. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were preformed to investigate the association between maternal age and various relevant OUTCOMES. Results: Women aged 35 years or older had an increased percentages of gestational hypertension (18.8% vs 9.6%; p=0.02) and diabetes in pregnancy (3.7% vs 1.4%; p=0.08) compared with women younger than 35 years. There were no differences between the two age groups in Apgar score at 1 min, antepartum hemorrhage, preterm labor, PROM, fetal distress, perinatal death, and postpartum hemorrhage. Conclusion: Advanced maternal age was shown to be independently associated with low birth weight, preterm labor and rate of cesarean delivery.

The aim of current study was to determine women´ s maternal asthma in pregnancy, delivery and birth OUTCOMES. Using a retrospective cohort design, data of 580 pregnant women were gathered form a large teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. The medical records of pregnant women who had attended this hospital between 2009 and 2011 were assessed. Data of delivery and birth OUTCOMES were gathered by observation and medical records of women. Multiple logistic regression and adjusted odds ratio (OR) were used to assess the independent association of asthma and OUTCOMES. 274 patients (47. 2%) were in “ asthmatic group” and 306 patients (52. 8%) were in the “ non-asthmatic group” . Basic and demographic variables showed the same distribution across two groups. Maternal asthma showed an adjusted relationship with gestational diabetes (OR=2. 64), gestational hypertension (OR=3. 79), cesarean delivery (OR=2. 68), small for gestational age (OR=2. 86), premature rupture of membrane (OR=2. 18), preterm delivery (OR=1. 74), abnormal vaginal bleeding (OR=3. 75), and low birth weight (OR=1. 78) significantly (p<0. 05 for all associations). The majority of pregnancy, delivery and birth OUTCOMES except fetal death, abortion, placenta previa and placenta abruption) were significantly associated with maternal asthma. The largest association of maternal asthma was with gestational hypertension and abnormal vaginal bleeding respectively.

Background: Hypothyroidism is common during pregnancy. This disorder is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal OUTCOMES. Objectives: The study of the prevalence and different consequences of hypothyroidism in pregnancy in each region is the special importance in determining prevention and management strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism and pregnancy OUTCOMES in women referred to Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan. Methods: This cross-sectional-analytical study was performed on all pregnant women who gave birth in Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan in 2018-2019. Data were collected through census and using Chisquare, Fisher's exact and independent t-tests and with SPSS software version 22, pregnancy OUTCOMES between the two groups were calculated. Results: The prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnant women in the present study was estimated at 8. 59%. Hypothyroidism was found to double the chance of gestational diabetes (p<0. 02) (CI=1. 1-3. 8). The rate of cesarean delivery was significantly higher in patients (p<0. 001). The rate of fetal heart rate drop, placental abruption, and placental adhesion was higher in the affected group, but this difference was not significant (p>0. 05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of preeclampsia, preterm delivery, first minute Apgar score, height, weight and head circumference of the newborn (p>0. 05). Conclusion: Considering the adverse maternal and neonatal OUTCOMES of hypothyroidism, it seems that more clinical studies in this field are needed to manage and evaluate the OUTCOMES in pregnant women with hypothyroidism.

Background and Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised concerns about high-risk groups in community. Due to physiologic changes in pregnancy, these women are prone to this infection; therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate Covid-19 infection and pregnancy OUTCOMES in Qazvin Province. Methods: This longitudinal study was done in Qazvin Province from March to October 2020. The participants included 133 pregnant women who with a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 using CT scan and PCR test. A foursection questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, COVID-19 symptoms, and pregnancy OUTCOMES. The mothers were followed up until six months after delivery. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 24 and descriptive statistics. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 27. 09 ± 5. 67 years. Fever, cough, and body pain were the most common symptoms of Covid-19 in the mothers. The majority (87. 96%) of the mothers were in second and third trimester of pregnancy. Maternal OUTCOMES included preterm labor (9%), Cesarean section (51. 1%) and maternal death (11. 28% or 5 cases). Perinatal OUTCOMES were abortion (6%) and fetal death (3%). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, Covid-19 increased the rate of maternal mortality and preterm delivery in pregnant women. Attention should be paid to support the expecting mothers, and more emphasis should be placed on health protocols in this group of patients.

Obesity constitutes a global epidemic with increasing prevalence, associated with considerable health complications. Obese pregnant women are at increased risk for maternal and perinatal complications. This study explores the characteristics of maternal and perinatal OUTCOMES in obese pregnant women at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital and Airlangga University Hospital, Surabaya, in 2023.This study was a descriptive and observational analysis of pregnant women with obesity who delivered at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital and Airlangga University Hospital Surabaya in 2023. The study samples were classified into three categories according to obesity classes: Class I (BMI 30-34.9), Class II (BMI 35-39.9), and Class III (BMI ≥40), and maternal and perinatal OUTCOMES were assessed.Out of 512 subjects, the majority were from Airlangga University Hospital (75%), and 90% lived in Surabaya. 64.1% were classified as class I obesity, and 67.8% were multigravida. 53.3% delivered by cesarean section. The most common pregnancy complication was preeclampsia (23.2%), followed by gestational DM (7.6%), gestational HT (6.4%), and eclampsia (2%). There were 2.7% of subjects who experienced postpartum hemorrhage during labor, and 0.2% experienced shoulder dystocia. In terms of perinatal OUTCOMES, 21.5% of infants had an Apgar score < 7 at 1 minute and 7.4% at 5 minutes. FGR affected 6.6% of infants, macrosomia affected 2%, congenital anomalies affected 5.1%, and the NICU admitted 15% of them. Significant differences were observed in maternal OUTCOMES of preeclampsia, eclampsia, and mode of delivery across the three obesity classes, alongside notable differences in perinatal OUTCOMES related to macrosomia and NICU admission (p<0.05).

Objectives: The screening of chromosomal aberrations is one of the most common methods during pregnancy although this test is occasionally false-positive. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 252 mothers with false-positive (n=126) and-negative (n=126) tests were evaluated respectively. Demographic data during pregnancy and postpartum included maternal and neonatal complications, and finally, perinatal variables were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean age of the case group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0. 001). In addition, lower smoking history in the spouse (P = 0. 01), higher prevalence of preeclampsia (P = 0. 33) and proteinuria (P = 0. 03), preterm infant (P = 0. 01), and low birth weight (P = 0. 04) were observed in this group as well. Eventually, the shorter height P = 0. 004) and lower 5-minute Apgar score (P = 0. 03) were found in infants. Conclusions: In general, mothers with positive screening results showed a higher risk of preeclampsia and preterm labor in comparison with those with false-negative screening results.

Sexual desire is one of the important human needs which some people try to satisfy through traumatic ways. One of these ways is the use of pornographic products in various forms which are available to individuals and can result in irreversible harms to both society and individuals. The major harm caused by using such products is its negative impact on women at first and consequently on marriage and family. Accordingly, the main objective of the present study is the pathology of using such products for women. This is a qualitative study done with a phenomenological approach based on the purposeful sampling. In this regard, 20 men who were involved in suing pornographic products like videos and pictures were interviewed in detail. Data analysis was carried out using Kuliz method. Based on the findings of this study, the OUTCOMES of using such products can be classified into two categories of attitudinal OUTCOMES (in which a woman is regarded as a sexual means and may lead to fear of friendliness, improper conception of women and disruption of marriage.) and active OUTCOMES (in which sexual modeling, sexual addiction, rape and sexual violence and lustful sexual intercourse are done).

Background and Objectives: Coronavirus disease increased concern about vulnerable groups of society including pregnant women and babies. This study was conducted in order to investigate maternal and neonatal OUTCOMES in newborns admitted to Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital in Rafsanjan before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 337 infants admitted to the hospital in the first 3 months of 2019 (before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic) and 194 infants admitted in the first 3 months of 2020 (after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic) were included. Demographic characteristics and maternal and neonatal complications were extracted from the files and analyzed by independent two-sample t-test and chi-square test. Results: The Apgar scores of the first and fifth minutes had significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0. 001), while infant death (p=0. 003) and asphyxia at birth (p<0. 001) had significantly increased. The frequency of premature rupture of fetal membranes, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and diabetes in the pregnant mothers before and after the pandemic were not statistically significant (p>0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, although there was no difference in the prevalence of maternal OUTCOMES between the period of COVID-19 and before, but the OUTCOMES of newborns during the period of COVID-19 were more than before, which indicates the need for more careful prenatal care, health protocols training, and careful monitoring of the fetus during and after delivery to reduce neonatal complications and OUTCOMES during the COVID-19.

Background and Objective Career anchors have been considered a human resources development strategy. Human resources managers have realized that it is necessary to plan and organize career paths and the progress trend in order to retain human resources and achieve appropriate OUTCOMES for organizations. This study aims to analyze the effects of career anchors on individual OUTCOMES including individual maturity and human resources sustainability as well as organizational OUTCOMES including organizational civilization and organizational hopefulness. Methodology This is an applied descriptive study, in which the statistical population consisted of 900 employees working at the general education office of Tehran. The stratified random sampling method was employed to select 270 individuals as the research sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used as a data collection tool, the validity of which was confirmed through content and face validity tests, whereas its reliability was confirmed through Cronbach’ s alpha. The structural equation modeling (SEM) (path analysis) was used for data analysis and hypothesis testing. Findings Career anchors had positive, significant effects on individual outputs. They also affected some of the organizational outputs. Accordingly, it was not confirmed that technical and functional competencies, work independence, and pure challenge affected organizational civilization. Furthermore, the effect of work independence on organizational hopefulness was not confirmed. Conclusion Identifying career models for key individuals to plan their career paths can both help their individual development and improve organizational productivity.