BACKGROUND: OLEUROPEIN is a natural antioxidant and scavenging free radicals. In the present study, we examined effect of OLEUROPEIN on paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile, atherogenic indices, and relationship of PON1 activity by high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and atherogenic indices in gentamicin (GM) -induced nephrotoxicity in rats.METHODS: This is a lab trial study in Khorramabad, Lorestan province of Iran (2013). Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups to receive saline; GM, 100 mg/kg/d; and GM plus OLEUROPEIN by 15 mg/kg i.p daily, respectively. After 12 days, animals were anaesthetized, blood samples were also collected before killing to measure the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), HDL-C, atherogenic index, lipid peroxidation and the activities of PON1 of all groups were analyzed. Data were analyzed, and P<0.050 was considered significant.RESULTS: OLEUROPEIN significantly decreased lipid peroxidation, TG, TC, LDL, VLDL, atherogenic index, atherogenic coefficient (AC), and cardiac risk ratio (CRR). HDL-C level was significantly increased when treated with OLEUROPEIN. The activity of PON1 in treated animals was (62.64±8.68) that it was significantly higher than untreated animals (47.06±4.10) (P=0.047). The activity of PON1 in the untreated nephrotoxic rats was significantly lower than that of control animals (77.84±9.43) (P=0.030). Furthermore, the activity of PON1 correlated positively with HDL-C and negatively with AC, CRR1, and CRR2 in the treated group with OLEUROPEIN.CONCLUSION: This study showed that OLEUROPEIN improves PON1 activity, lipid profile, and atherogenic index and can probably decrease the risk of cardiovascular death in nephrotoxic patients.

Antibacterial activity has recently been demonstrated in Olea europaea products. This was correlated with the presence of different substances such as OLEUROPEIN. In this study antibacterial activity of different olive products was examined and their OLEUROPEIN content were determined. Also, the effect of different factors on antimicrobial activity was assayed by Taguchi methodology. Three varieties of fruit, leaves, and unrefined olive oil were purchased from Roodbar in Guilan province and ethanolic extract was examined. Antimicrobial activity of olive leaf extracts was performed by disk and well diffusion methods, and pour plate method. Also, effect of different factors such as incubation time, bacterial suspension concentration, type of bacteria, and type of extracts on antibacterial activity was evaluated using Taguchi methodology. HPLC was also performed to measure the OLEUROPEIN content. Data analysis was done by using Minitab software. Leaves, fruits, and oil olive extract had significant impact on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginoa. The results showed that exposure time and type of extracts had a significant antimicrobial effect on pathogenic bacteria. Also, fruit extract had greater antimicrobial activity than olive oil and S. aureus was more (susceptible) than E. coli and P. aeruginosa to olive extracts. In current study, HPLC confirmed OLEUROPEIN as main antimicrobial ingredient of mari leaf extracts at 2. 63ppm. Different examined extracts of olive have potential for preparation herbal medicines.

In this study, ultrasonic-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (UA-MSPD) as a new sample preparation method for natural product analysis was developed. Influential parameters of the UA-MSPD method were optimized using OLEUROPEIN content of olive leaves as a model analyte. Main parameters of the proposed technique such as ultrasonic time, ultrasonic amplitude and pulse, sorbent material, the ratio of sample to sorbent material, elution solvent and its volume have been fully evaluated and optimized. In the proposed method several steps in classical MSPD including transfer of sample and sorbent mixture to cartridge, packing and elution under vacuum conditions were removed. Also, ultrasound waves were applied to the sample and sorbent mixture in elution step for effective analyte desorption. OLEUROPEIN was successfully extracted by silica gel and acetone as the sorbent and elution solvent, respectively. The calibration curve shows good linearity (R2 = 0. 9979) and precision (RSD < 6. 8) in the concentration range of 0. 1-200 μ g ml-1 for OLEUROPEIN. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0. 03 and 0. 1 μ g ml-1, respectively. The recovery values were in the range of 90. 2-96. 7% with RSD values ranging from 5. 5-7. 2%.