PRESENTATION: A 22-year-old female came to a cornea specialist in our center to do refractive surgery. The bestcorrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both of her eyes with the following refraction: OD: – 4. 5– 0. 75 x 180 and OS: – 4. 75– 2. 00 x 110. Scissors motion was obvious in her left eye during refraction. In funduscopic evaluation, an abnormal yellow to brown sheen was obvious in her both eyes (Figure 1, right column). Other ocular examinations were within normal limits and patient had no history of any other systemic or ocular DISEASE. Drug history and family history of ocular DISEASEs were negative. Due to scissors motion and abnormal Pentacam (Figure 2), she has been diagnosed with keratoconus, her refractive surgery has been held, and corneal cross linking (CXL) was suggested to her. Both eyes optical coherence tomography (OCT) were completely normal but due to abnormal yellow sheen in her both eyes funduscopy, she was referred for further evaluation to us before CXL. She denied any night blindness or decreased vision in her both eyes. . .

Purpose: To report an Iranian patient with diagnosis of OGUCHI DISEASE associated with diabetic retinopathy.Methods: A 50-year-old diabetic woman with night blindness was referred to our clinic. Complete ophthalmic examination including ophthalmoscopy after dark adaptation and paraclinic evaluations such as fluorescein angiography and electroretinography were performed.Results: In the both eyes, retinal neovascuarizaion and preretinal hemorrhages compatible with high-risk characteristic proliferative diabetic retinopathy were observed. In addition, a golden yellowish discoloration of posterior pole was noted in her both eyes. The diagnosis of OGUCHI DISEASE was made when this discoloration disappeared after dark adaptation for 3 hours.Electroretinograms also confirmed the diagnosis by showing a slow negative wave followed by a slow positive wave in the photopic condition and absent a- and b-waves in the scotopic state.Conclusion: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy may occur in a patient with OGUCHI DISEASE. This report represents this association in an Iranian patient for the first time.

Purpose: To assess the clinical findings in normal daylight status and 3 h of dark‑ adapted status in family members with OGUCHI DISEASE (OD). Methods: Four siblings with OD and their parents were included in this case series. The presence of DISEASE was confirmed with genetic analysis and comprehensive clinical evaluation. Corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA), automated visual field analysis (VFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), colored fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), electroretinography (ERG), and dark adaptation test (DAT) results were obtained in normal daylight status. On the next day, after 3 h of dark adaptation, the patients were re‑ evaluated. The findings obtained in normal daylight status and 3 h dark‑ adapted status were compared. Results: The mean age of the four sibling subjects was 15. 25 ± 2. 2 years. All subjects had 20/20 CDVA and normal VFA. There was no abnormality in OCT and OCTA in normal daylight status and 3 h of dark‑ adapted status. Colored fundus photographs showed characteristic golden‑ yellow colored reflex in the mid‑ peripheral retina in normal daylight status, and discoloration in 3 h of dark‑ adapted status. In FAF and FFA, no abnormal pattern was observed in normal daylight status and 3 h of dark‑ adapted status. ERG showed rod function alterations and normal cone function. DAT showed delayed rod adaptation and normal cone adaptation. ERG and DAT findings remained unchanged after 3 h of dark adaptation. Conclusion: After 3 h of dark adaptation, golden‑ yellow fundus color returns to normal in patients with OD; however, rod function alterations and normal cone function in ERG, as well as delayed rod adaptation and normal cone adaptation in DAT remain unchanged.

OGUCHI DISEASE is a rare autosomal recessive form of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) characterized by specific features such as golden-brown discoloration of the fundus called Mizuo-Nakamura phenomenon which is distinguishable by fundoscopy, and retinography. Clinical diagnosis is confirmed through genetic test. Two known genes in pathogenesis of OGUCHI DISEASE are SAG and GRK1. A 35-year-old Iranian male exhibiting the clinical features of congenital stationary night blindness, was referred to the genetic clinic of Dr. Farhud, Tehran, Iran in 2012 and examined. Ophthalmic examination including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, perimetry and funduscopy was performed. Additionally, the full-field electroretinography and molecular testing for congenital stationary night blindness were performed. Molecular genetic tests, including the analysis of GSK1 and SAG genes exon-intron boundaries were performed for this patient and his family. According to the sequencing results, we did not find any mutation in GSK1 gene. However, a new homozygote mutation at location chr2: 233320735, c. 517delC, p. P96LfsX28 was identified in exon four of SAG gene. This deletion causes a frame shift mutation, and premature stop codon that results in deletion of about 281 amino acid residues of S-antigen visual arrestin protein (from entire C-terminal). This mutation was also found in patient’ s parents and one of his sister as heterozygote form. This is the first molecular evidence for SAG gene mutation in an Iranian family affected with OGUCHI DISEASE type 1. The identification of the new c. 517delC, p. P96LfsX28 mutation in this family with OGUCHI DISEASE can confirm the pathogenicity of this variant.

Introduction. This fascinating disorder is also known as Sinus Histiocytosis. It is very rare, probably less than 1000 cases reported in the literature. R.D.D affects lymph nodes, although extranodal involvement has been reported such as: Centaral nervous system (CN.S). All of the cases of R.D.D with CN.S involvement without other sites involvement are 11 cases. Methods. The case is a male patient, 26y/o, with a history of head trauma 2 years ago that has been resulted to unconsciousness. He has been referred to a hospital and brain CT scan and brain M.R.I has been done for him. In M.R.I a brain tumor with left orbit and sphenoidal sinus involvement and compression effect on frontal lobe has been seen. A neurosurgeon operated him and the pathological report was Rosai-Dorfman DISEASE. Then he was referred to radiation therapy department.Results. Treatment approach in CN.S involvement cases consists of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Discussion. Over all, response has been inferior to those expected with malignant hematopoietic neoplasms.

In 2019 a newly emerged coronavirus was detected by the Center for DISEASE control (CDC) in China. Nucleic acid sequencing from nose and throat swab samples of patients revealed that it was like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). World Health Organization (WHO) named it coronavirus DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) and reported more than 100000 positive tests until March 2020 for COVID-19. During the past 20 years, the world has been affected by three coronavirus epidemics, SARS-COV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and COVID-19 that make world attention. The mortality rate of COVID-19 was more than other coronaviruses, but because of more people affected by it, it seems that it has a less fatality rate compared with MERS-CoV. Initial data showed that more than 80% of patients did not have any symptoms or may had light symptoms. 15% showed severe pneumonia, 5% became critically ill, and developed multiorgan dysfunction and septic shock. Due to the epidemic of emerging viruses and the lack of information about it, this study aimed to provide a quick overview of the most recent studies in the world. To perform this review, keywords such as COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 were retrieved using the medical subject headings (MeSH) system and then searched in English in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. COVID-19 virus enters its genome into the cells by binding to Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in some organs such as the lungs. Although the transmission route is unclear, it enters the body through respiratory droplets. The clinical symptoms includ fever, cough, dyspnea, myalgia, confusion, headache, sore throat, rhinorrhea, chest pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, malaise, and convulsion. The standard diagnostic method is Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), but due to the time-consuming and sensitivity and the existing errors in this technique, chest CT and hematologic data are preferred. No definitive cure for the virus has been suggested so far, but antiviral drugs such as Oseltamivir, Ganciclovir, Lopinavir, Ritonavir and Remdesivir, and the anti-malarial drug Chloroquine phosphate and Interferon are in use until the discovery of the vaccine.

Fahr’s DISEASE is a progressive and idiopathic basal ganglia calcification with normal metabolism of calcium and phosphore with motor and psychiatric sings and symptoms. Dementi, chorea attetosise, psychosis and depression due to Fahr’s DISEASE are frequently reported, but Fahr’s DISEASE with bipolar mood disorder manifestation is very rare and we found only 3 cases in review of literature from 1995 to 2005. In this case report, a 21-years old girl is presented who was admitted to Sari-Zare psychiatric hospital for aggression, restlessness and insomnia. After mental status examination and paraclinical investigation, bipolar mood disorder due to Fahr’s DISEASE was detected. To date no specific treatment was found for this DISEASE. This point is important that the patients with Fahr’s DISEASE are sensitive to neuroleptic malignant syndrome.