The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and etiology of Nursing Caries (N.C.) in 2 - 4 year old children in Tehran, 1997. Seven hundred and thirty children (378 boys and 352 girls), aged 18 to 54 months, were selected from Health Centers throughout the Greater Tehran. Cases were selected in a randomized multi - stage manner.Results showed a total of 21.1% (154 case) with N.C. A relationship between N.C. and area, sex, patients's age, mother's age, regular dental attendance, feeding through the bottle at night and its content, was found. In conclusion, it is emphasised that the most important etiologic factor in N.C. is feeding with a bottle at night.

Aim & Background: Nursing caries (NC) refers to a special type of caries that generally affect 2-4 years old children, showing different prevalence rates in various societies. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of this type of caries in the west region of Mazandaran.Methods & Materials: In This descriptive - cross sectional study, 255 children, 2-4 years old, consisting of 127 boys and 128 girls, from nurseries and hygiene houses in Chaloos, Tonekabon and Ramsar cities were investigated. A questionnaire was completed by their mothers carefully about gender, age, order of birth, mother education, the breast - feeding or the bottle feeding. The children were examined by a senior student of dentistry under the natural light by a mirror.Caries, minimally of two maxillary incisors, were also considered as an index. The data were analyzed by SPSS soft ware and submitted to statistical analyses of X2 and Fisher exact tests.Results: The results of this study showed that from among 255 children, age ranging from 2-4 years old, sixty of them (27.5% of the population) was affected with Nursing caries. The prevalence of NC among boys and girls were 33.9% and 21.1%, respectively with a more prevalence among 3-4 years old children than 2-3 years oldones.NC did not show any significant relation with mother's education, order of birth, being breast - fed, milk - feeding before sleep and its duration, but a positive correlation was found between NC and sugary snacks.Conclusion: The prevalence of NC, in the west of Mazandaran, was found 27.5% more than Tehran and Mashhad. There was no significant relationship between NC and breast - feeding.

Introduction: one of oral disorder in childhood period is Nursing Dental caries. Causes of this disorder are Multiple. Aim of this proposal evolution of effect affectional Interaction mother & child is on Nursing dental caries.Method: For this proposal 250 children 2-5 years were randomly simple sampling selected & divided two equal group (case & control) Mother two child group filled design questionaire & data of this proposal was analysed.Result: There were not significant difference between affectional Interaction in two groups. Discussion and Conclusion: The result of this study shows the affectional Interaction has not effect on Nursing dental caries but for precise Judgment have necessary studding as longitudinal study. Pedodontic Depart dental school university medical sciences Isfahan, Iran.

Background and purpose: Undergraduate education presents a period of transition and growth and requires the ability to adapt to many life changes. Many applicants admitted to a Nursing program, but high rates of attrition have been experienced. This study is an attempt to assess the Nursing students’ need on their Nursing education.Methods: Focus groups were used to investigate Nursing student’s perceptions and views on Nursing education. The sample consisted of 120 Nursing students selected randomly. They were arranged in 12 groups of 10 students. The data analysis of recorded and observed data reached five major themes.Results: Five major themes emerged from data. The quality of clinical Nursing instruction, confidence development in Nursing practice and training, Iranian social perception of Nursing profession, professional socialization through role development and improved clinical expectation and improved study skills.Conclusion: The result of this study helped to identify Nursing students’ perception and determined their educational needs.

Introduction: Contemporary advances in technology and sciences parallel to changeable patients’ status make it essential to nurses to combine their skills and knowledge with evidences in order to identify patients’ problems, care planning, implementation and evaluation through interaction with other health team members. Nurses must be able to make clinical decisions independently which is possible just by using research evidences in clinical practice. The purpose of this article is concept of evidence based Nursing and teaching barriers and facilitators in Nursing.Methods: This article is an integrative review. Different data bases such as ProQuest, Ovid, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholare magiran, sid were applied for collecting articles by using evidence based teaching, evidence based Nursing and education as key words. At all 24 articles have been included in this review.Results: Studies show many barriers in implementation of EBN and teaching it to students. For example professors do not have enough time to teach EBN or do not know how to teach it. Furthermore nurses have information and time shortages and workload that make it hard to work based on evidences.Conclusion: It seems that by making national policies and making EBN compulsory, universities and professors will teach EBN to Nursing students.

Introduction: The Nursing process as a framework for Nursing care is an important tool for practicing Nursing knowledge that increases the quality of Nursing care. Issues such as beliefs and attitudes affect the implementation of the Nursing process. This study aimed to determine the attitude of Nursing students about the Nursing process in Kashmar Nursing School in 2020. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 96 Nursing students. Collecting data was done by the census. Data collection tools included the Demographic Information Questionnaire and Bowman Nursing Process Attitude Questionnaire (1983). The validity of the instrument was confirmed by the open translation method and its reliability was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0/83. Descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the total attitude of students was 67. 07±, 9. 61, which indicates their positive attitude towards the Nursing process. There was no statistically significant relationship between attitude score and age, gender, marital status and work experience in Nursing (p> 0. 05),But there was a statistically significant relationship between attitude score and interest in the Nursing field (p= 0. 02). Conclusions: Based on the results, most students have a positive attitude towards the Nursing process. Students with more interest in the Nursing field also have a more positive attitude towards the Nursing process. Therefore, it is recommended to use active educational methods to teach the Nursing process in academic settings and hospital internships to develop theory and practice.