Walnut (Juglans regia L. ) is a well-known member of the Juglandaceae family and its kernel is widely consumed around the world for both unique nutritional characteristics and health-related benefits. Even though several studies investigated the composition and biological activities of different parts of the walnut tree, the internal septum of the walnut kernel is less evaluated. In the last two decades, some studies investigated phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of the walnut septum. Their results showed a wide range of biological properties along with safety of walnut septum constituents convincing us to shift our view to walnut septum as a useless by-product to a natural herbal material with valuable properties. The purpose of this review was to summarize the currently available investigations on chemical composition and biological activities of the walnut septum. Several phytochemical studies showed that the walnut septum is a rich source of secondary metabolites like polyphenols are which estimated to be responsible for its high antioxidant property. Further experimental studies confirmed many biological activities of this by-product such as radical scavenging, food preservative, antibacterial, antitumor, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and hepatorenal protective properties.

Background and Objective: Religious rules can help patients to improve their recovery speed. Anxiety may be caused by neglecting patients' religious orders which have negative impacts on the course of remission and may prolong length of stay in hospital and successively have adverse psychological effects. The present study aimed to assess the need for religious care of patients.Materials and Methods: This cross - sectional study consisted of patients who stayed in teaching hospitals and were selected through census method. Data collection instrument was a two-section questionnaire which the first part was the demographic characteristics and the second part was researcher-made questions on the need for patients' religious care. After obtaining consent, patients were asked to complete the questionnaire.Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA were used and finally data was analyzed through SPSS software.Results: Chi-square test showed a significant difference in aspect of religious care (p<0.05) and one-way ANOVA also indicated a significant relationship between age and job and the need for religious care.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, considering the religious care of patients is very important and necessary. It is recommended that officials and educational planners put religious care as a part of clinical care in medical curriculum.

Introduction: Cancer patients are susceptible to severe parasitic infections particularly Strongyloides stercoralis (S.s) infection. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of parasitic infections with highlighting Strongyloides stercoralis infections in 139 cancer patients admitted to oncology ward of Imam Khomeini hospital of Sari during 2009.Material and Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, fecal samples (n=139) were collected from different cancer patients. After completing the questionnaires, the samples were examined by direct smear and formalin ether sedimentation methods.Results: In this study, of 139 patients with different types of cancer 53.9 % (n=75) and 46.1% (n=64) were male and female, respectively. In the stool exam, two cases (1.4%) infected with Rhabditiform larvae of S.s were detected while both of them were affected with Multiple Myeloma cancer.Conclusion: This study showed that in endemic areas, three times stool examination by formalin-ether technique for detecting Strongyloides stercoralis must be requested before chemotherapy in cancer patients.

The present study has been done with aim to conceptualization of workplace curriculum as a Neglected or emerging discourse. The research method that used in this study was a one of the qualitative method as a descriptive Phenomenology study. Workplace curriculum is a phenomenon that dependent on context, content and organizational maturity. Workplace curriculum includes a set of topics that must was an interpretation and descripted in terms of different contexts. Because in the process of discourse production some of the discourses was a banned or suppressed and others are accepted.Difference in context, arena and certain discourses, would shaped, transformation and even metamorphosis in workplace curriculum discourses. What is evident in this process, is the existing of workplace curriculum as a Neglected discourse that beyond any discourse, existing another discourse.

Libralization demanding has had many ups and downs, and many of movements and political compains have been formatted around this demanding. At the same time, history of Iranian liberalization have been come to grips with unsustainablity, and its people have prrefered escaping from Liberalization to its demanding in some periods of this contemporary history. This Article is seeking to explain these unsustainabilities, and ups and downs and it is possible by theoretical assistance from the model of sustainable development, which is the dominant framework of understanding and explaining of humanity and social issues in new era. On this basis, the author believes that the main Feature of libralization in new Iran is Unsutainability, and also the strategy that can give Sustainej libralizatin for Iranian in Future is “generalization”, Which libralization makes Possible "Presentation of self" Sustainable.

Background: Snakebite has recently been declared a global public health emergency. Empirical data showing the true burden of snakebite is lacking. Treatment with specific antivenoms is considered the only cure. However, several factors have led to an ongoing antivenom crisis. This study offers recommendations concerning the improvement of antivenom access and control, by providing an overview of the factors limiting the successful implementation of international guidelines within the international industry and state institutions. It further investigates the reasons for the epidemiological knowledge gap regarding snakebites.Methods: Data for this study was collected using surveys with closed- and open-ended questions, which allowed for descriptive and thematic analysis, respectively. Participants for this study were selected as follows: 46 manufacturers were contacted from the open-access World Health Organization (WHO) Database for antivenom producers; 23 National Health Authorities (NHAs) of high-burden countries were contacted; and 11 poison centers or experts were randomly contacted.Results: In total, responses from 6.46 (13%) manufacturers, 10.23 (43%) NHAs, and 3.11 (27%) poison centers were received. The low response rates had a limiting effect on the coverage of this study, allowing only exploratory conclusions to be drawn. Based on the gathered information, a probable reason for the epidemiological knowledge gap is the low priority given to snakebites on public health agendas, driving interest and funding away from research in this field. As a consequence, the ensuing lack in funding is preventing state institutions and manufacturers from implementing international guidelines to the highest standards. Furthermore, manufacturers indicated that international guidelines were often not applicable in the field, lacking technical information and protocols.Conclusion: Snakebite ranks low on international public health agendas, and partially due to this low priority, NHAs have shown limited efforts in conducting epidemiological studies, training health workers on snakebite management and creating national snakebite management strategies. The lack of NHA involvement is reflected in poor access to appropriate antivenoms as well as a lack of antivenom regulation. Manufacturers are taking positive steps toward full implementation of international guidelines and are improving quality control procedures. However, in order for international guidelines to become truly useful in the field, more technical guidance is required. This study reflects that there is a general lack of knowledge transfer amongst various actors: most producers, health authorities, and experts expect increased and improved communication and guidance from leading international bodies. Due to the low response rates observed in this study, conclusions drawn herein are not representative of the global situation; yet provide an exploratory insight on the difficulties facing antivenom management.

Introduction: Nephrolithiasis occurs in 7% to 40% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Approximately 5% of patients with nephrolithiasis will have hyperparathyroidism. This study presents a rare case of hypercalcemia secondary to PHPT, which eventually led to renal failure Case Presentation: This report presents a 55-year-old male presented with history of multiple kidney stones from 6 years ago, who had undergone multiple interventions by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The result of lab exams were: BUN: 48 mg/dL, Cr: 2. 83 mg/dL, calcium: 15. 8 mg/dL, phosphorus: 4. 4, serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) = 1046pg/mL. At T99scan MIBI, the nuclear showed parathyroid adenoma in the inferior pole of the right thyroid. The patient underwent parathyroidectomy. Serum calcium level returned to normal range within 3 days after surgery. Conclusions: More attention must be paid to patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis, and such patients must be evaluated for PHPT before progressing to CKD.

Purpose: Adrenal gland injury (AGI) caused by trauma may cause bleeding and life-threatening problems in children. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of AGI in final diagnoses of trauma. Materials and Methods: The records of 458 patients with abdominal trauma (out of a total 8, 200 pediatric patients with trauma of any sort), who were referred to our clinic between January 2009 and July 2014, were reviewed retrospectively. The numbers of patients with AGI and their ages, gender, trauma patterns, affected organs, pediatric trauma scores (PTSs), and injury severity scores (ISSs) were recorded, as well as the associated ultrasound (US) and tomographic scan data, treatments, and complications. Computed tomography (CT) scans obtained after trauma were subjected to both primary and secondary evaluation. Results: In total, 28 patients with AGI were detected; their average age was 8. 54 ± 4. 09 (3– 17) years. Twenty (71%) patients were male and 8 (29%) were female. Nineteen (68%) patients had fallen from heights; the most commonly injured organs were the kidneys, spleen, and lungs. Injuries were right-sided in 26 (92. 9%) patients. The mean ISS was 13. 2 (range 5– 50) and the mean PTS 8. 6 (range 0– 11). Seven patients had ISS > 16 and nine had PTS < 8. AGI was diagnosed by CT in 14 (50%) patients and in 3 (9%) by US at primary evaluation. Upon secondary scan inspection focusing on the possibility of adrenal gland injury, such injury was ultimately detected in 28 patients. All patients underwent conservative follow-up, and one died. Conclusion: We recommend calculation of the PTS, as well as other trauma scores, when pediatric patients suffering multiple or blunt abdominal trauma(s) present to the emergency. In addition, we believe that in children with trauma involving the liver, spleen or kidneys, careful evaluation using a CT scan would increase the diagnosis of AGI and reveal a realistic rate of AGI in trauma cases.