Juniper is the most important native conifer in Iran. Juniper as one of the most resistant tree species to extreme conditions, frost (up to -40°C) and drought, plays important role in mountainous regions of Iran. In this STUDY, by investigation on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of essential oils ofleaves and berries (female cones), the effects of environmental factors were studied on metabolism of secondary products. The volatitale constituents of the Leaves and berries of male, female and male-female trees isolated by steam-distillation were analyzed by GC-MS.Results indicated that the amount of essential oil in berries is higher than that in leaves. Seasonal alteration of essential oil of berries differs from leaves. The essential oil of berries increase during growth period, however decreased in leaves. Besides drying has increasing effect on essential oil. In total 32 terpenoidic components were found that a-pinene, limonene, trans-verbenol, cisverbenol, verbenone, g- elemone and elemol were the important ones. a-pinene up to 70% of essential oil content was the highest component. Seasonal alteration of each component was very variable.Drying effect can be valuable for isolation of components and commercial applications.

The ancient city of Rayy is a symbol of the social and cultural life of Iran prior to the arrival of the Mongols. The economic, cultural, and social flourishing of this city during the Islamic era led the city to be mentioned under different names, including the Bride of Cities, Om-al-Belad, and Sheykh Al-Belad in some historical sources. “ The Book of Rayy: From Its Origins to the Mongol Invasion an Archaeological and Historiographical STUDY” is about the latest archaeological studies and the urbanization history of the ancient city of Rayy. The book which is written by Roco Rante with cooperation of Ghadir Afrund, was published by Brill Holand Publications in 2014. This book, which combines archaeological data resulted from two seasons of archaeological excavations in 2006 and 2007 in Rashkan Castle of Rayy with historical texts, provides the readers with valuable information on archeology, history, and urbanization of Rayy in ancient times. However, like any other scientific work, the book has some shortcomings which will be discussed in the present article.

Corrosion cast STUDY is one of the procedures for STUDYing the structure of the blood vessels in a particular tissue or organ. In the present STUDY, the circulatory system of Silver Carp was studied by using four different methods of resin injection. 12 fish with a weight range of 850 -1000 g were obtained from a commercial fish farm. The Fish were anesthetized using a solution of 5% benzocain in 96% ethanol and injected intraperitoneally with heparin (4000 IU/kg). After 40 min, the fish were killed using an overdose of the benzocain solution, and then, fluid artificial resin made on the basis of methylmetacrylate was injected through the caudal artery, bulbus arteriosus, and dorsal and ventral aortas. The Fish were submerged for 24-48 hours in a bath water at room temperature until the polymerization and hardening of methylmetacrylate. Then, they were placed in a 25% KOH solution for 24-48 hours to obtain a maceration of the organic tissue. In this STUDY, various parts of the heart and its vessels, gill vessels, gastric vein, portal vein, hepatic vein, dorsal aorta and its branches, renal and caudal arteries and related smaller vessels were also determined. Overall, it seems that the injection of resin via bulbus arteriosus of the heart was the best and most effective method for the corrosion cast STUDY of the circulatory system in Silver Carp.

There are different terms in use for different typs of medical STUDY designs and trials.Translating these terms in to Farsi, needs special care avoiding misinterpretations This article asks medical investigators attention to focus on the real features of different concepts.The main STUDY designs such as surveys, case-control, cohort and interventional trials are discussed briefly. At the end suggestions are made in choosing the right analysis for each design appropriately. Their major strengths and weaknesses are also mentioned.

Due to the importance of this red tide phenomenon and its effect on the habitats of marine life, the STUDY of this phenomenon in the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman is necessary. This research is written only with a physical view and the STUDY of other aspects is the responsibility of experts in the relevant fields. There are various methods to STUDY this phenomenon, including field studies, satellite studies and NUMERICAL modeling. In this research, one-dimensional PROBE software has been used for different stations in the Oman Sea, the Strait of Hormuz and the Persian Gulf. The input data of the model include meteorological synoptic data: air temperature, u and v components of wind speed, cloudiness and relative humidity of Qeshm station in February 2008. Studies show that the modeling results of temperature, salinity, phosphate and nitrate are almost consistent with the measurement data. In stations located in the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman, in places where the amount of temperature, salinity and nutrients is maximum, the concentration of plankton, which depends on these parameters, also reaches its maximum. As predicted, the amount of green-blue plankton concentration is higher than (only) nitrate and phosphate dependent plankton concentration.

In this paper we would like to present a NUMERICAL STUDY of the effect of magnetic fields on natural convection (magneto-convection) flow of electrically conducting fluid. The 2D square cavity which was studied is subjected to a sinusoidal temperature conditions. The left and the right walls were respectively heated and cooled with a sinusoidal temperature while the top wall was kept thermally insulated. The equations are solved NUMERICALly by employing finite element method (MEF) using the software COMSOL Multiphysics. We presented the results in wide range of Hartmann number and Rayleigh number in terms of isotherm contours, velocities fields streamlines,, and in an average and local Nusselt number which varies sinusoidally. Our results are shown to be in good conformity with the available benchmark solutions.

Rotary kilns have some applications in industrial due to high production capacity, uniform and extensive combustion. Rotary kiln performance not easy and despite of technology development, the problems exist in the filed from combustion them. Reasons of some problems are separate design of burner and kiln and inattention to coordination and harmony between them. According to in the present STUDY, flame behavior has been studied under governed condition on the kiln and secondary air flow. In the first step, suitable methods and models are verified on the basis of benchmark problem due to lack of experimental data. Finally, rotary kiln simulation done with realizable k-ε turbulence model, partially stirred reacting flow combustion model and P1 radiation model. The present simulation done in OpenFOAM open source software by using reactingFOAM solver. Also in the present work, ability of applying radiation model has been created with addition source term to energy equation and ability of applying rotation boundary condition has been created with addition source term to momentum equation. According to obtained results, applying of gravity acceleration leading to deviation of flame to the upper wall. The results show that radiation heat transfer is important in the governing condition on the problem. Finally, effect of excess air studied on the temperature distribution that obtained results show temperature of kiln and wall temperature kiln reduced with increasing of excess air percent in the investigation limit.

The Counter-intuitive behavior which means that the permanent de ection of the elastic-plastic beam come to rest in opposite direction of the impulsive loading، normally appears and disappears abruptly، in certain small ranges of the loading and structural parameters. One of the most important issues in the STUDY of this phenomenon is the determination of the in uence of the different parameters on this behavior. This present paper studied the e ects of hardening in the counter-intuitive dynamic behavior of the elastic-plastic pin-ended beams under impulsive loading، by developing the proposed Galerkin's NUMERICAL model and by presenting a novel algorithm. Galerkin's method as well as Finite element code ANSYS/LS-DYNA were applied to STUDY this phenomenon and the results of these two methods have been compared. In order to regard the hardening e ects in Galerkin's method، a new algorithm was proposed. To test the validity of our proposed algorithm، the response of the elastic-perfectly plastic beam was rstly studied، and the hardening e ects on the counter-intuitive response was investigated afterwards. The displacementtime history curves of mid-span of the beam were studied in detail and the region of the occurrence of the counterintuitive behavior was determined. Furthermore، using the nite element code، energy diagrams of the beam were also investigated. It was been found out that the counter-intuitive response is a phenomenon which is very sensitive to loading so that it may appear with a little change in the amount of loading. The results also showed that when considering the hardening e ects، both methods predicted two continuous and distinct regions of loading for the occurrence of this phenomenon where the rst had a narrower band and occurred in the tight region of the impulsive loading while the next one had a wider band and occurred in the vast region of the impulsive loading. In addition، our investigations on the energy diagrams showed that، this anomalous behavior would occur in the proper proportions of kinetic to internal energy.