In this paper, we consider some cubic-order corrections of classic Newton’s method with Halley’s method and produce the combined methods by using Gauss’ NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION and NUMERICAL integration methods. Analysis of convergence verifying that the presented methods have five or six convergence order. NUMERICAL tests satisfying these methods are more useful than the others.

In this paper, first, a NUMERICAL method is presented for solving generalized linear and nonlinear Lane-Emden type equations. The operational matrix of derivative is obtained by introducing hybrid third kind Chebyshev polynomials and Block-pulse functions. This matrix with the tau method is then utilized to transform the differential equation into a system of algebraic equations. Finally, the convergence analysis is investigated and the efficiency of the proposed method is indicated by some NUMERICAL examples.

Earth gravitational field interacts closely with a variety of natural phenomena. Therefore, studying and modeling the gravitational field and keeping tracks of its changes over time can make a huge contribution to the related geophysical and environmental researches. A well-proven method which is used in dynamic estimation of time varying state parameters is "Kalman filter". Kalman filter exploits dynamical properties of the states and noisy measurements to estimate the optimal state for every time epoch, in its filtering scheme. Smoothed properties of the involved dynamics, the accuracy of the noisy measurements, pay for noises in measurements and incompleteness of the interchangeable dynamics provide optimal estimates of state for the dynamic system. "Standard Kalman Filter" is performed to acquire the optimal solution when dealing with linear dynamics with white noises in both dynamics and measurements while a non-linear system cannot be dealt with in the same way. Various versions of Kalman filter have been introduced so far, including Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). The former uses linearization to derive locally-linear dynamics while the latter is the approximation of the probability distribution of the states using sampling points of the state vector which are commonly referred to as "sigma points". Due to the linearization involved in EKF, the method does not give precise solutions when there are non-linearities of high orders while UKF solution is significantly better in the sense of precision, accuracy and optimality. In this paper, the 9-points Newton NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION is applied on the range values calculated from the relative state vector to reconstruct the so-called KBR range-rate observations and EKF is performed along with positions of observations to give an optimal estimate of the state vector at each time epoch. The calculated range-rates from both methods are then compared statistically. Then, UKF is used to fuse position and range-rate observations and to estimate state vector. Finally, the residuals of the reconstructed range-rate observations of three methods are compared statistically. The results show a relatively significant improvement in KBR observations reconstructions for UKF estimated states. To re-evaluate the superiority of UKF from the practicality point of view, the reconstructed range-rates are used to estimate the harmonics coefficients of geopotential model in a field recovery problem using "acceleration method" in a closed-loop simulation for EGM96. The degree-variances and differences in geoid heights are calculated and plotted. The results show a near 5 to 10-times fold improvement in gravitational field recovery using UKF results compared to the other two mentioned methods.

The purpose of the present study was to predict the degree of daughter’s self-DIFFERENTIATION from mothers’ self-DIFFERENTIATION. For this purpose, 157 students from Islamic Azad University of Gachsaran randomly selected responded the self-DIFFERENTIATION questionnaire. Data was analyzed with Pearson correlation and regression analysis. The results showed that there is a positive significant correlation among mothers and daughters’ self-DIFFERENTIATION and its subscales such as emotional reaction, emotional cutoff, fusion with others, and I position. Also, self-DIFFERENTIATION and its subscales such as emotional reaction, emotional cutoff, fusion with others, and I position in the mothers are able to predict these variables in their daughters.

The Lie derivation of multivector fields along multivector fields has been introduced by Schouten (see [10, 11]), and studdied for example in [5] and [12]. In the present paper we define the Lie derivation of differential forms along multivector fields, and we extend this concept to covariant derivation on tangent bundles and vector bundles, and find natural relations between them and other familiar concepts. Also in spinor bundles, we introduce a covariant derivation along multivector fields and call it the Clifford covariant derivation of that spinor bundle, which is related to its structure and has a natural relation to its Dirac operator.

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of parents’ self DIFFERENTIATION in predicting high school students’ self DIFFERENTIATION. The research was a descriptive correlational study. The population consisted of all high school students of Tehran. For this study a random cluster sampling method was used and 283 high school students were selected. The participants and their parents completed the DIFFERENTIATION of Self Inventory (short form; Drake, 2011). The results of stepwise regression showed that the component of emotional reactivity of fathers’ self- DIFFERENTIATION could predict their sons’ self- DIFFERENTIATION (15%), whereas the component of I position of mothers’ self-DIFFERENTIATION could predict their sons’ self-DIFFERENTIATION (7%). Regarding female students, it was revealed that fathers’ fusion with others (7%) and mothers’ emotional reactivity (5%) would affect the self- DIFFERENTIATION of them. Other Components of self- DIFFERENTIATION of parents showed no role in this anticipation.

Reproduction in domestic animals, as a major source of food and other products for human, as great importance and study of related subjects including sex DIFFERENTIATION and gonadogenesis during fetal life can solve many questions on normal development and various disorders of urogenital system. Since studies on sex DIFFERENTIATION in goat fetus are scarce, this study was performed. Twenty-five goat fetuses with 5–40 mm crown-rump lengths (CRL) were obtained from slaughter-house and fixed in 10% formalin solution immediately. The development and features of external genitalia of these fetuses as well as their sex DIFFERENTIATION were then examined. In externally indifferentiated fetuses, the cranial half of the body was cut away at the diaphragmatic level and serial sections, 6-micron thickwere prepared and the ovarian and testicular DIFFERENTIATION was studied. Results showed that considering the development of the external genitalia, external sex DIFFERENTIATION occurs at 31 mm CRL in male fetuses and at 33 mm CRL in female fetuses. Microscopic studies suggested that testicular tissue DIFFERENTIATION occurs at 23 mm CRL with formation of tunica albuginea and medullary cords. Ovarian tissue DIFFERENTIATION occurs at 38 mm CRL with establishment of cortical and medullary regions.  

The type of the applications for which Internet is being used has changed over the years. Multimedia applications, Real-time applications and Game playing require Quality of service. IEEE has proposed IEEE 802.11e, a quality of service extension to the wireless LAN standard IEEE 802.11. In this paper service DIFFERENTIATION ability of 802.11e is evaluated. Identical traffic is considered for all Access categories to quantitatively differentiate different Access categories. The results indicate, 802.11e achieves service DIFFERENTIATION with some limitations. NS-2.26 is used for simulation.