Depression is widely reported in patients with physical illness, but its prevalence varies in studiesand differs from one disease to another. In patients with depression, severity of symptoms may bedifferent in various medical conditions and responses to treatment. We aimed to systematically (a)compare the prevalence of depression between medical illness patients and mentally healthy subjects, (b)assess whether there is an independent association between medical illness and depression, (c) identifyassociated factors used in interventions (d) and review the relationship between depression and baselinedisease severity and treatment outcomes. We studied 24 researches that had examined medical illness and depression in Mazandaranprovince, Iran. The prevalence of possible depression in patients with physical illness ranged from 13. 1 to67. 4%, depending on diagnostic methods and sensitivity of various depression scales. Depression wasfound to have a negative influence on the outcomes of physical illness and treatment response. The significant outbreak of mental disorders, especially depression in patients with physicalillness, and the negative impact of mental disorders on the control and treatment of diseases call forregular psychiatric counseling.

This study is an analysis of the NARRATIVE prose of Aviny in his NARRATIVE Ravāyate Moharram1 with regard to the features of NARRATIVE intelligence and the narratological features of his prose based on Randall’s (1999) framework for the NARRATIVE Intelligence Theory. Although many claims have been made about the unique qualities of Aviny’s NARRATIVEs, none of his works have been academically analyzed to show the narratological features in his prose. The researchers believe that scientific analysis of Aviny’s works based on reliable narratological theories can substantially contribute to a better understanding of the special qualities of his style, and using them in new forms and contexts. In the present study, NARRATIVE intelligence promoting mechanisms and their realization in Ravāyate Moharram are quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed using Labov’s (2001) narratological model as a structural instrument. The linguistic manifestation of some narratological features of Aviny’s prose are discussed from a stylistic perspective.

The script writer and narrator metaphor for individuals is a key concept in NARRATIVE psychology; this is so important that NARRATIVE identity is a fundamental concept in the domain of NARRATIVE and identity.NARRATIVE theory and approach has found its way through various aspects of psychology and a plethora of research has been conducted in this regard. This paper aims to introduce different qualitative and quantitative methods in analyzing NARRATIVE data in addition to review stages of quantitative analysis and establishing reliability in NARRATIVE research. To reach this goal, first we review general necessary concepts of NARRATIVE; then we discuss methodology of NARRATIVE research in detail. In doing so, we differentiate qualitative versus quantitative analysis methods and highlight different quantitative analysis approaches for coding NARRATIVE data. Establishing reliability is a foundational process in quantitative data analysis hence we discuss steps of this process and introduce statistical coefficients of interrater reliability and their especial applications.

This paper presents a method for literature critics known as semiotics. First we introduce the difference between semantics and semiotics and then we present the smallest NARRATIVE elements. In the same direction we define the basic and useful NARRATIVE programs. Then in a general point of view we present the NARRATIVE canonic schema.

One of the verses in Hafiz Poetry which provokes a lot of discussion is the verse located at the beginning of the page. The problem is being approached from different angles: 1. With regard to the first verse, which one is correct? «گر خود» ,«ور خود» or «ار خود»?2. The question arose as to whether we should consider the verse a conditional case and we must interpret it or not?3. What is meant by Chardh NARRATIVE in the second verse? The present paper is an attempt to indicate first, the preference of the two terms of «گر خود» and «ار خود», which share the same meaning and have been used in the former six versions (before 850 AH), to the term «ور خود» which has been erratically used in just one version of that era (before 850 AH). Second, based upon the first part, the verse must be dealt with as a conditional case and therefore interpreted. Third, Chardh NARRATIVE means the NARRATIVEs of fourteen innocent (PBUH) in commentating Quran.

If we accept that the aim of syntax is to control the tongue in speaking without error and the aim of logic is to protect thought against error in judgments, so the aim of ethics will be protect humans against error in the behaviors. When human take step in the straightforward way without any carnal desires and with blindly mimics, so the aim of each science except ethics is to prevent error in the judgments and its respective issues. However, the purpose of ethics is to create a community based on fortunate, leadership of justice, security and cooperation for protecting life against ravages and tyrannies and something guides society into revolt and revolution and also directs it (life) to more perfection. This concept refers to the human and society improvement in observing the straightforward way. In this article, the effort is to discuss some issues of ethical values with reference to Quran ad some literally samples or narrations.

This article is mainly focused on one of the elements of the NARRATIVE, focalization that is at work along with narration to produce desired literary effects. Focalization is basically a cognitively- minded narratological concept that deals with perceptual, psychological and ideological stances adapted in the NARRATIVE by either narrator(s) or character(s). In focalization studies we focus on the question of how the reader responds to the NARRATIVE drawing on the textual devices provided by the above stances. These assumed viewing positions attribute certain taint and color to NARRATIVE and help the reader to infer how the existents of the two levels of story and discourse perceive the fictional world and how they are related.

The versification of prose NARRATIVE has always been of interest to Persian language poets. One of the most important courses of versification of religious NARRATIVE in Iran, which has attracted no attention yet, is that of old testament NARRATIVE story. In this process, some adjuncts are added to the prose NARRATIVEs. In this study, however, some of NARRATIVE poems from the old testament, namely, The Letter of Moses and Joseph and Zuleikha by Shahin Shirazi, and Aqidat-Yashaq by Molla Aminahave been analyzed and the causality patterns of these adjuncts extracted. The results imply that the causality pattern of these adjuncts show interpretive, expansive, and associative patterns. In interpretation pattern, the cause of one vague event is expressed through real and sometimes superfine events. In developmental pattern, some adjuncts like destiny and the companionship of God with his prophets, physical features, spiritual features and misery are added to the context. In associative pattern, the association between a part and a similar whole has been used. Since all of these patterns are used in the old testament, it is likely that later poets have adopted such patterns. Finally, it should be mentioned that such adjuncts are to persuade and direct the reader, not merely to have a creative and literary NARRATIVE.

Focalization is like a prism through which the events and existents of the story's fictional world are seen. As a literary term, Gerard Genette first used it in order to differentiate between "NARRATIVE mood" and "NARRATIVE voice". These two concepts respectively deal with these questions: "who sees?" and "who speaks?". When we read, we hear the narrator's voice; he is able to report what he himself sees and what the characters see. Assuming the transposition of another agent's perceptions in the narrator's report is what creates differences and divergences between various points of view. Moreover, the introduction of this term justifies the polyphonic nature of NARRATIVE since it deals with the various perspectives feeding the NARRATIVE.  

One of the important problems in Structuralist narratology is the relation between NARRATIVE and time and the manifestation of time in NARRATIVE. Some philosophers such as Paul Ricour believe that understanding time in an abstract form is very difficult but the action in NARRATIVE makes the time objective and concrete. According to Structuralists’ analysis, time, -with causality- is one of the essential components in developing the NARRATIVE. In addition, every NARRATIVE text has two times: the NARRATIVE’s signifier time (the time it takes a reader to read a NARRATIVE text) and the NARRATIVE’s signified time (the time taken up by the events of the NARRATIVE). The Structuralists, especially Genette, have posed three issues regarding the time in NARRATIVE: 1- Order, i. e. the way the events in the NARRATIVE are ordered and presented 2- Duration, i. e. the relation between the length of time of the story and the time of the speech or the signifier of the NARRATIVE 3- Frequency, i. e. the number of times an event occurs and the number of times that event is narrated. In addition, at the end of the article, different kinds of relations between the time of occurance of the events in the NARRATIVE and the time of their narration by the narrator are examined.