Corona is a result of biological molecules and NANOPARTICLEs tending to each other and mainly refers to the case of proteins. The formation of non-protein corona; i. e., carbohydrate and amino acids, and identifying the variations in their biological behavior were the purposes of this paper. The current study focused on silver NANOPARTICLEs (AgNPs, 20 and 120 nm), interaction with model small biomolecules, monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), and amino acids (histidine, cysteine, and tryptophan). The study considered the formation and composition of the corona as well as the characteristics and variations of carbohydrates/amino acids affected by AgNPs. Coronas were synthesized using the chemical reduction method, and their interactions with small biomolecules were monitored using response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that treating glucose with smaller NANOPARTICLEs (20 nm) caused an increase in their size, agglomeration and aggregation, and a decrease in their homogeneity range. In the case of larger NANOPARTICLEs (120 nm), the glucose treatment caused to increase the size to ≥ 1 μ m. Unlike glucose, fructose treatment had no influence on the size or stability of AgNPs. In the case of amino acids, cysteine, (containing the soft element of sulfur), and tryptophan (with the symmetry of electron distribution and no desire for an electron) had the strongest and weakest influence on AgNPs, respectively. Biological studies suggest that the very considerable influence on the properties of glucose in the AgNPs environments is growing. Corona formation influences the chemical properties as well as the biological features of biomolecules. Pichia Pasturis GS115 (a cysteine-deficient microorganism using glucose-containing growth media) in a medium containing untreated glucose and histidine treated with AgNPs, as well as the medium containing glucose treated with AgNPs and untreated histidine showed the least growth. The results may help the AgNPs toxicology and underlying biological mechanisms.

A computer code for axisymmetric modeling of NANO- and micro-PARTICLE motions in an aerodynamic PARTICLE beam focusing system was developed. The effectiveness of the focusing system, consisting of several lenses, a nozzle and the chamber downstream of the nozzle, was analyzed. The code included an accurate model for the Brownian diffusion of NANO-PARTICLEs in sharply varying pressure fields in the aerodynamic lens system. Assuming an axisymmetric condition, the compressible airflow and thermal field in the lens were evaluated. A Lagrangian PARTICLE trajectory analysis was performed, assuming a one-way coupling model. The PARTICLE equation of motion used included drag and Brownian forces. Trajectories of different size NANO and micro-PARTICLEs in an aerodynamic lens were analyzed and the PARTICLE beam focusing process was studied. The numerical results for PARTICLE velocity, collection efficiency and beam diameter were compared with the experimental data and good agreement was observed. The importance of the accuracy of the Brownian diffusion model, for predicting the focusing performance of aerodynamic lenses in the focusing of NANO-PARTICLEs, was discussed. The simulation results showed that for PARTICLE diameters less than 30 nm in air, the Brownian force could significantly affect beam focusing and PARTICLE collection efficiency.

In this work, the NANO PARTICLEs of Na-X zeolite were synthesized via hydrothermal method by controlling heat and mixing rate in crystallization during. The PARTICLE sizes of NaX zeolite crystals were controlled from 40 nm to 150 nm. Also, the physical properties of NaX-NANO were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). Results show that the NANO X zeolite with average crystal size is 105 nm, Si/Al ratio 1.25 and with Na+1 active site.