Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of Misleading metrics and identify the extent to which Iranian journals use such indicators. Methodology: Charctrisitcs were harvested form th eliterature. Then, 410 Iranian journals using such metrics were identified from the Misleading metrics websites. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel. Findings: Sudden disappearance from the web, large number of indexed journals, ambiguous and non-scientific methodologies, lack of accurate contact information, failure to notify about the scientific and administarive staff, charging journals for the calculation of metrics and conducting the evaluation in a short period of time were common. The name and information of 410 Iranian journals were listed in the website of 23 Misleading metrics, 49 accredited by The Iranian Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) and 101 titles accredited by The Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MHME) mentioned at-least one Misleading metric in their websites. Out of medical science journals 56% are affiliated with the medical science universities and institutions. Conclusion: Utilizing Misleading metrics negatively affect the reputation of scientific journals. That put them at the rist to be listed as as predatory journals. Editorial boards are advised to avoid being indexed in Misleading metrics and focus on reputable information and citation databases.

The current report documents the case of a 29-year-old sportsman who presented to our heart center with palpitation for evaluation with the exercise tolerance test (ETT). He had no risk factors and no known history of ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, or central nervous system disease. He had normal echocardiographic findings.

The purpose of this study was to design educational content of Green Chemistry metrics for undergraduate chemistry students. Based on the purpose of the research, it was an applied-development type, and in terms of collecting and analyzing the data; a descriptive-analytical type is used. The statistical sample was a collection of books, articles, journals, and dissertations related to green chemistry which were selected and analyzed up to getting theoretical saturation. By reviewing related literature and investigating various sources on how to design the educational contents of the chemistry green, and also by directions of the field experts, during several revers phases of core coding, chapters were determined, then, according to the designated chapters, objectives were written for each topic in the target-content table. The results of this study showed that for the design of the content of training green chemistry measurements, two categories of mass measurements and environmental measurements can often be quantitatively evaluated in the twelve principles of green chemistry. In these two categories, there are various methods for assessing the greenness of a reaction (organic reaction synthesis) were identified, including atomic economy, reaction mass efficiency, material recovery parameter, environmental factor, process mass intensity, and effective mass efficiency are presented in a conceptual framework.

Development and expansion of uncontrolled social networks has become one of the most important concerns of families and academia as well as the religious leaders. Expanding the subject and considering the Misleading books and the orders concerning the same and their distribution in the cyberspace, studies the liability of the resenders of the concerned content. The paper employs library method in collecting the needed data and is descriptive-analytical. Distribution of the Misleading books in the media and cyberspace is punishable by itself and, therefore, the liability of the re-senders of such content are considered to be same as the main author and depends on the quantity and quality of the sent and distributed content and the intent and legal elements as well as actus reus and mens rea of the same. Therefore, all the liabilities of the original producer of the content are applied to the re-sender as well. The liability of the original producer and sender and the re-senders depend on the number of the groups and these people are responsible towards the damages incurred. Noting that not all the damages by Misleading media could be compensated for, and that the Haqq al-Nas (what is due to men in contradistinction to what is due God) are to be compensated for with the owners of the media, supposing that the owners are not known, secondary verdicts including general cultural obligations and religious enlightenment activities could be issued.

As a key element in each business strategy, commercial advertisements increase competition on the market through providing information and introducing goods and services. As a result, commercial advertisements play a vital role by transmitting information related to the products, and thereby they benefit both producers and consumers. Consequently, a modern capital economy without commercial advertisements is hardly imaginable nowadays. Nevertheless, by providing Misleading or false information and by using confusing trademarks, some commercial advertisements mislead the consumers and cause liabilities towards them and sometimes towards the competitors (usually intellectual property owners). Through a descriptive approach, the present study explains the concept and the status of Misleading commercial advertisements in the legal systems of the European Union, the United States, the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the Imamiyah Jurisprudence, and paves the way for the Iranian legislator to enact exact and effective laws in this field.

Education is among the principles highly emphasized by Islam and which different elements of teaching and learning are squarely based upon. The role of teacher and trainee as well as the educational contents are among those elements that need due attention. Among the educational contents are the false, deviating and Misleading contents. The prohibition of preserving and keeping such books has been discussed in Shiite jurisprudence in the chapters concerning forbidden acquisitions. Thus depending on the nature of the contents of what is taught, teaching and learning are included in the category of the five Islamic rules. Despite the Quran and prophetic tradition addressing this issue, some aspects of the problem including the Islamic law about teaching and learning Misleading contents have not been dealt with by scholars at length. Teaching and learning false and Misleading contents help spread those contents. Hence, one of the important issues in this connection is to examine this topic from a jurisprudential perspective. Efforts have been made, in this study, to highlight the main title and to explore and analyze the rules regarding teaching and learning Misleading contents. The aim is to throw light on the jurisprudential duty of a teacher and trainee in this regard examining the arguments presented in the jurisprudential sources. The principal and basic rule about teaching and learning Misleading contents is that they are prohibited. However, in some circumstances the prohibition is lifted and it may in rare circumstances become obligatory for some people.