In the twentieth century, the philosophy of science had many ups and downs. Karl Pauper, the renowned philosopher, was a staunch advocate of logical-prescriptive philosophy of science. The two pillars of his philosophy were realism and critical rationalism. Pauper did not believe in relativism, which to him was a kind of disease. He spoke of attaining the truth or verisimilitude. The philosopher of science after Pauper, specially Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos and Paul Feyerabend did not follow his ideals and turned instead to the historical-descriptive philosophy or science. This article is an attempt to introduce the Views of these three philosophers and to explain the relationship between them and Pauper and philosophy of science.

Sometimes, the researcher wants to study more deeply an individual, an event or a series of specific events Instead of asking questions such as "how people think about it?” (As prevalent in grounded research) or "if I do such a thing, what will happen?” (As done in empirical research), the researcher asks "how these people act?” or "how events happen?” or "how people are described?” To answer such questions, researchers use a number of research methods under the title of "qualitative research". This article explains necessary steps for conducting qualitative research. Those researches that study the quality of relations, activities, situations or cases are often classified as qualitative research. This kind of research is different from methods involved in quantitative research, and it is based on a comprehensive description, that is elaborating on all the happenings which occur during a specific activity or situation. There are various kinds of qualitative methods, but only a certain number of them are general and representative of qualitative research.

The article tries shortly to introduce and discuss the methodological theory of Skinner which is mainly used as a theory in the area of Methodology relating to political thought's studies and works. The theory which follows a systematic approach to political thought studies does not enter into substantial political discussions, but exercises in the framework of philosophy of science and especially Methodology. Skinner begins with criticizing the textual - contextual approaches and applies some objections to the texts which form on the basis of these approaches; then, by making a coherent synthesis between these two approaches he outlines his especial method and accordingly applies a new and efficient Methodology for better understanding of political thought texts. This Methodology is known and used among most of American and European scientists. Skinner Methodology is used both as a critical mean and alternative to solve problems. It is also efficient in all stages of data collecting, processing and compile researcher results. from this view point, skinner's Methodology entails some hints on avoiding research errors, and also recommendations on better understanding of texts about political thought history.

The main goal of this essay is to draw a general methodological framework for the communication science in order to reveal those ignored areas of studies. First we consider the nature of the method and represent our favorite definition. This definition includes data gathering tools and also conception, definition and judgment of the theory. Thus, while we consider the favorite definition of Methodology, the general definition is regarded. Hence, we should first consider twelve essential techniques in communication researches and some examples. These techniques are divided in to two groups which help us discover the paradigms of communication science.Considering the paradigms reveals the necessity of regarding the present methodologies. Distinguishing five descriptive methodologies (causal and statistical), structural, phenomenological, hermeneutical and discourse and analyzing the use of these methodologies in some communication studies is along with understanding the favorite definition. Finally a Methodology based on Islamic philosophy is represented in order to consider an imperative view point on the favorite Methodology and prepare the methodological ground for the production of an Islamic and native communication science.

Stylistics can be defined as analysis and interpretation of the expression and different forms of speech, based on linguistic elements. German theorist, Buseman, devised his theses in statistical style based on the ratio of verbs to adjectives, generalizing a variety of literary and non-literary genera in German Language and Literature.According to Buseman, increasing the number of verbs in verses, makes the text closer to literary style. Therefore, increasing the number of adjectives, makes the text closer to scientific or subjective style...

Michel Foucoult is a thiker who isn’t included in a distinct category. He is constantly chalending with diffrentating Reason’s language and in pursue for a language which is not dominate. He want a language that the Other can speakes through it. In his opinion the language of social sciences and its methods are instruments for dominating Reason. in stead he say that his aim is revealing our proposition about the world not describe it. his methods for achive this aim are Archology and Genology.