Myths are the stories of the holy history of creation that narrate the formation of culture and civilization in a symbolic way. Myths can also reflect a kind of worldview to understand the philosophy of life and can make it possible for early men to relate with the divine world. Myths are made by copying ancient stories, combining mythical elements and using elements belonging to neighboring peoples.Like his name, the character of Jamshid is bright in history and in MYTHOLOGY. In Indian MYTHOLOGY, Jamshid is regarded as the myth of creation and death and has a status identical to God' s; in Gahan he is the myth of championship and heroism; and in new Avesta, by saving mankind from the cold, he became the myth of renovation and revival.In Islamic times, inspired by the ancient triple myths, the ritual Norooz celebration is attributed to Jamshid. He is said to be the founder of architecture, medicine, textile industry, and civil society.

The influence of philosophy on literature is undeniable. We just need to think of how Heidegger's philosophy left its imprint on the whole postmodernist literary movement. The Emphasis on interconnections between man and the universe, the endeavor to understand those interconnections and the attempt to return to their origins and sources are three fundamental principles of Heidegger's philosophy, which have penetrated and shaped postmodernist literature. These three fundamental principles are also found in MYTHOLOGY and in this article we will highlight their similarities. Apart from sharing these three elements, minor parallels can also be found such as the "Unconscious" aspect of MYTHOLOGY, being a direct result of oral tradition while in postmodernist literature the same aspect becomes "Consciousness" since a priori agreed conditions are intentionally applied. In this article, while focusing on the philosophy of Heidegger, we discussed the characteristics common between MYTHOLOGY and postmodernist literature.  

This article studies the mythological criticism and various critical discussions on this area. Myth is tied with different elements of literature. Drawing on the undeniable role of myth in oral literature and the active presence of the myths among the ordinary people, in this study we have considered both the written as well as oral literature.The links between myth and literature is especially evident in poetry, fiction, and folk tales. In particular, the study of archetypes which in a way reflect the human’s collective unconscious can be significant in mythological studies. Myth is related to a variety of literary genres and in fact it is regarded as a separate type of literary productions. Myths have also influenced literary schools while linguists are still fascinated by the role of MYTHOLOGY in language. Therefore, the study of myths can unveil inner side of oral and written literature.

Mysticism and MYTHOLOGY have a few things in common, one of which is thinking about death. Both introduce death as the most important trouble and eternity as the most exciting ambition for human being. They paraphrase and decode death through revelation and intuition, and take it as a kind of sleeping and trance that could be overcome by some means. In MYTHOLOGY and mysticism, death is assumed as the advent of living again, and by destroying reality it leads to eternity. Their death thinking could be examined in their common beliefs such as mortality and eternity, flying soul, fire, Hoom and source of life.

Serpent is one of the most controversial and symbolic creatures. In referring to the dictionary of symbols, we encounter lots of pages for this entry and find out that it has mingled with man's culture and civilization. Its root is the same as death. In Pahlavi it is (mar), in Sanskrit (mara). Mara means killer or one which makes the others die (Borhan Ghate'). In Gilaki and Mazandarani dialects mar means mother. Therefore in Persian Language it has two meanings:1-killer or causing to die2-Bearer (mother or foundation of something)It is interesting that both definitions are opposite to each other. Serpent is the factor of existence. Their roots are apparently separate from each other, that's, in the first meaning serpent points at death and sick man, but in the second meaning it denotes mother and a female.We, in this occasion, discuss about the stance of serpent in different customs and ceremonies and in folkloric literature of Iran.

The importance of MYTHOLOGY in the formation and evolution of human knowledge is quite well-known to all human beings in different communities. This knowledge in turn makes it essential to restudy it on the wake of modem technological discoveries and inventions. Mythological stories present themselves in two very different forms of "mythologizing" and "myth narration" in modem poetry. Some abler modernist poets used both forms of MYTHOLOGY in their poetry in order to preserve their ancient art and culture. The author is of the belief that though modernist poets are more inclined to myth narration rather than mythologizing, there are some poets who have made artistic mythic poems which requires due attention and praise. This form of poetry is not practiced by a certain or special group of people with a particular political bias. This poetry mainly targets a change and its main goal is breaking free from all the traditional ties which are imposed upon a society because of the current conditions. Despite this, one can safely say that a modem poets approach toward mythological concepts is idealistic and has a socio-political approach. And the fact that such mythological entities as gods, Amshaspandans, heroes and heroines and also evil forces may have variant amount of presence in modernist poets poetry can be either traced to the poets personal tastes and interests or the kind of look they have toward MYTHOLOGY. The modernists, however, are aware of the importance of mythological concepts which are mainly products of the human psyche and try their best to help prevent the extinction of this priceless inheritance.

Because of development of comparative linguistics in the 19th Century and ethnological findings of the 20th Century, MYTHOLOGY was introduced as a scientific discipline, and, since ancient myths of nations are the most fundamental categories to know various nations, researchers focused on comparative MYTHOLOGY as a way to mutual understanding among nations. Because of this, dialogue and interaction between nations began. Thus, comparative MYTHOLOGY is able to remove grounds of disputes and conflicts between nations- which are mostly products of antipathy and absence of a mutual language, for, focus on cultural infrastructures may lead us to find common features among various nations, and such common features may lead to peace and friendship among them. In addition, researchers may pay attention to various climatic necessities because of differences between myths so that each and every nation may be judged under its own conditions, and such a mutual understanding may hinder enmities between nations. It should be noted that in the present article, only western views toward comparative MYTHOLOGY have been discussed and studies.

Modernism and postmodernism provided a unique opportunity for coming back to the world of MYTHOLOGY and restoring them for the aesthetic purposes in art and literature. This article is an attempt to find out the reasons for such an interest in modem and postmodern novels. The results indicate that the reasons for this interest might be different for modernists and postmodernists because, while the former looked for the intertextual and interdiscursive capacities of the novels, the latter, due to the narrative and structural possibilities of myths, made use of them for better depicting their change of literary text as well as their need to spirituality, reexamining the reality, and satisfying the commands of the social and critical institutions.