The Lie derivation of MULTIVECTOR FIELDs along MULTIVECTOR FIELDs has been introduced by Schouten (see [10, 11]), and studdied for example in [5] and [12]. In the present paper we define the Lie derivation of differential forms along MULTIVECTOR FIELDs, and we extend this concept to covariant derivation on tangent bundles and vector bundles, and find natural relations between them and other familiar concepts. Also in spinor bundles, we introduce a covariant derivation along MULTIVECTOR FIELDs and call it the Clifford covariant derivation of that spinor bundle, which is related to its structure and has a natural relation to its Dirac operator.

The knowledge related to the methodology of the FIELD trial study as a type of intervention studies, yet for many of our researchers is not fully understood. The aim of the current study was a better understanding of conducting this type of research. FIELD trial studies are done on healthy individuals and aim to prevent. These types of studies such as clinical trials are performed on both individual and collective levels. One type of these studies is Community Intervention Trial which is usually done on a large scale population. FIELD trial study should be carried out in stages, such as the formulation of hypotheses, selection of the population (reference population, study population, and sampling), measuring the baseline variables (before conducting preventive intervention), random allocation of subjects to intervention and control groups, doing interventions and measuring outcome. The methodology of FIELD trial studies is very similar to clinical trials. The difference is that FIELD trials are conducted on healthy individuals and aim to prevent and also the sample size required to this type of study is relatively more, and these studies are usually time consuming and costly.

Background & Aims: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequently acquired bacterial infections caused by a large genetically heterogeneous group of Escherichia coli, which are called uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Cystitis and pyelonephritis are two most common symptoms seen in patients with UTI. The genetic diversity of this organism has hampered the identification of UTI strains and it is unclear whether all UPEC isolates are capable of causing both cystitis and pyelonephritis. Therefore, Careful selection of appropriate genotyping methods is mandatory. The most popular method is Pulsed FIELD Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) that is used in the present study to evaluate the genetic patterns of UPEC. Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 90 E. coli strains consisting of 48 isolates causing pyelonephritis and 42 isolates causing cystitis in children were analyzed by PFGE and their corresponding patterns were compared. Results: Sixty six PFGE profiles were obtained from the genome of E. coli strains by this genotyping method. Most strains exhibited twelve and thirteen bands and the patterns with eight or nineteen bands had the lowest rate. Genome size of strains was between 1610-4170 kbp. Conclusion: According to these results, it can be suggested that in some cases the strains causing pyelonephritis or cystitis have common patterns and different clinical symptoms could be attributed to different gene factors.

Introduction: Acinetobacters especially Acinetobacter baumannii causing nosocomial infections in hospitals intensive care units and can cause a variety of hospital infections such as bacteremia, meningitis, pneumonia and urinary tract infections. There are several molecular techniques for microbial genotyping, among them Pulsed- FIELD Gel Electrophoreses is introduced as the gold standard for sub typing of bacteria. The aim of this study was investigating the molecular typing of A. baumannii strains with PFGE as well as the relationship between common types available and their antibiotic resistance.Methods: In this descriptive - analysis study, 50 Acinetobacter baumannii were confirmed with cultivation methods and biochemical tests. Then, bacteria were detected using PFGE typing and the results were compared with the results of antibiotic resistance.Results: The results showed that all isolates had multiple resistance. The highest sensitivity was observed for tobramycin (52%), gentamicin (36%) and moropenem (32%).The results of this study showed that A. baumannii strains isolated from Shahrekord hospitals were in seven different genetic patterns that two of these patterns were sporadic and the genetic patterns were different in each hospital.Conclusion: Although variations among strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were observed by using PFGE in Shahrekord, but no epidemic strain was detected among them. In terms of resistance to commonly used antibiotics were also different patterns.

Introduction: Ascorbic acid (AA) is present as a vitamin and neuromodulator in most part of the mammalian brain, especially in nucleus accumbens shell (Acbsh), which is one of the important areas controlling motor activity and anxiety. This study evaluates the effect of injection of AA and its co-administration with bromocriptin (Br) in Acbsh on motor activity and anxiety of rats by Open FIELD test.Methods: Forty nine adult male Wistar rats (220-270 g) were allocated into 7 groups: control (intact), sham AA (normal saline injected as AA vehicle), 3 groups of AA (12, 24 and 48 mg/rat/side), AA plus Br (AA 24 mg/rat/side and Br 25 mg/rat/side), sham AA plus Br. Drugs were injected (volume=1 mL) once, and duration of the test was 5 minutes.Results: Intra-accumbance injection of AA increased locomotor activity and decreased anxiety. Co-administration of AA and Br resulted in less motor activity and attenuation of Br-induced anxiety.Conclusion: Our results support the previous findings which introduced AA as an effective factor in regulation of locomotor activity and anxiety in Acbsh, that may be mediated by D2 receptors.

Geometric algebra provides intuitive and easy description of geometric entities (encoded by blades) along with different operations and orthogonal transformations. Grassmann’, s Exterior and Hamilton’, s quaternions lead to the existence of Clifford (Geometric) algebra. Clifford or geometric product has its significant role in whole domain of Clifford algebra, while as contraction (anti outer product or analogous to dot product) is grade reduction operation. The other operations can be derived from the former one. The paper explores elucidation of Clifford algebra and Clifford product with some salient features and applications.

Background: Urinary tract infection is the most common nosocomial infection worldwide. Microorganisms causing urinary tract infections are resistant to most of the antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections and its antibiotic resistance leads to medical implications associated with urinary tract infections. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of P. aeruginosa strains to identify their in-vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and to determine genetic diversity of them.Methods: Urine samples were obtained from catheterized patients in Shohada and Labafi Nejad hospitals, Tehran, Iran, and cultured by standard loop method. The cultures with more than 105 CFU/ml were assumed as positive. After identification of bacterial species by biochemical tests, susceptibility of each isolate was assessed by disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. In order to analyze bacterial genotypic diversity, pulsed-FIELD gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed.Findings: 116 out of 163 urine samples were positive for bacterial isolates. Pseudomonas species were placed in third step of the most frequent isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity was observed against most of antimicrobial agents. Some of strains were genetically similar.Conclusion: This study revealed that isolated strains were sensitive to wide range of antibiotic agents. In addition, common type strains were responsible of causing inter- and intra-hospital urinary tract infections in catheterized patients.

To capture the effect of initial conditions in far FIELD evolution of momentum driven and scalar dominated flow FIELD, Witze scaling has been used for collapsing vector and scalar data to attain asymptotic state at self-preserving region of the jet. It incorporates the initial mass, momentum, energy to capture the effect of heating level on both near and far FIELD development of strongly heated coaxial turbulent round air jets entering into quiescent ambient. This paper compares the effectiveness of potential core length and jet effective diameter as the length scales to collapse both mean and fluctuating components of velocity vector and temperature scalar. Similarity considerations with Witze length scale using the initial momentum flux and buoyancy flux gives a good collapse at all levels of heating.

A FIELD trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two herbicides (2,4-D +MCPA and glyphosate) for weed control in wheat. This experiment was set up as randomized complete design was used with 3 replications at Ahwaz (Shavoor) research station in 2001-2002. Treatments were included: glyphosate (0.410, 0.820, 1.230 and 1.640 kg ai/ha) 2, 4-D+MCPA (1.350 kg ai/ha), weedy and Weed free. Treatments were applied about 20 days before harvesting. Among herbicide treatments, 2, 4-D+MCPA, 1.640 and 1.230 kg ai/ha of glyphosate had maximum weed control percent respectively. glyphosate in 0.410 and 0.820 kg ai/ha couldn’t manage bindweed satisfactory and Bindweed density and its weight had significant difference in comparison with glyphosate at 1.640 kg ai/ha and 2, 4-D+MCPA. Maximum regrowth rate of bindweed was observed in check (weedy) and 0.820 kg ai/ha glyphosate. Experiment treatment had same yield except check (weed free), that had maximum grain yield in first year of experiment because of weed control don’t effect on yield in harvesting stage. 2,4-D +MCPA, glyphosate at 1.640 and 1.230 kg ai/ha had maximum yield in second year. The results showed that effect of 2,4-D+MCPA was very rapid and its effect was observed after 5 days while effect of glyphosate was observed after 15 days.

The present paper is an attempt to apply Bourdieu’s FIELD theory to the political FIELD of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The concept of FIELD, as explained by Bourdieu, provides a suitable theoretical framework to identify and explain the complexities and intricacies of different behaviors of this system and analyze its absolutely different practices in domestic and international arenas. The main question of this paper is: What is the relationship between political FIELD and other FIELDs in Iranian political landscape? The hypothesis formulate to answer this question is: the political FIELD in the Islamic Republic of Iran has turned into the most preponderant FIELD and this very FIELD in order to survive has dominated other FIELDs, taking away the possibility of their independence. The findings of this paper shows that the growth of political FIELD not only has created limitations for other FIELDs, but also has politicized other FIELDs including the FIELD of religion.