Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intestinal microbiota metabolites in colorectal cancer patients on HT29 cell line using MTT assay. Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. Human guts harbor abundant microbes that adjust many aspects of the host physiology. Increasing studies suggest that gut microbiota play a significant role in the incidence and expansion of CRC, as a result of virulence factors, bacterial metabolites, or inflammatory pathways. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 60 biopsy samples including 30 cancerous and 30 adjacent healthy tissues were collected from patients with CRC during 2017. Biopsy samples were first cultured on Thioglycollate broth medium for 24hr after which the microbiota metabolites were filtered and stored at-20 C° for further evaluation. HT29 cells were treated by microbiota metabolites at different times (3, 6, 12, 18h) and its viability was assessed by MTT assay. Results: The cells treated with microbiota metabolites showed increased viability and proliferation in time-dependent analysis by MTT assay, but there was not significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: It seems that microbial metabolites are able to induce proliferation and increase cell viability and thus induce colorectal cancer.

Introduction: Breast cancer, as a heterogeneous disease, is the second most common cancer in the world and the most prevalent cancer among the women. Despite improvement in treatment methods, it has still high mortality rate and requires new treatment approaches. Nowadays, many researches have been focused on application of medicinal plants for cancer treatment. Therefore, according to antioxidant properties of Danae racemosa plant, in present study the cytotoxicity effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Danae racemosa was assessed on breast cancer cell line. Methods: Danae racemosa plant was collected, washed and dried. Then, the hydroalcoholic extract of Danae racemosa was extracted via maceration method in darkness. The 4T1 cell line of mouse breast cancer was cultured in RPMI1640 and then treated with seven concentration of extract (31. 25– 2000 µ g/ml). Subsequently, the viability of the cancer cells was assessed using MTT test after 24, 48 and 72 h. Results: According to the results, the viability of the 4T1 cells was significantly reduced upon the increase in extract concentration and treatment duration (P<0. 05). The maximum viability of the cells was 93. 87%, referred to 24 h treatment with 31. 25 µ g/ml of extract and the minimum viability was 13. 29%, referred to 72 h treatment with 2000 µ g/ml of extract. Conclusion: The results of present study indicate the cytotoxicity effects of Danae racemosa extract on 4T1 cells in concentration and time dependent manner. Hence, Danae racemosa plant could be considered as a substitute or complementary treatment for breast cancer. However, its therapeutic application requires more studies.

Background: Given the limitations of the use of common endodontic irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine (CHX), researchers are seeking out new irrigants with less complications. The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) with sodium hypochlorite, CHX and Halita as an endodontic irrigant using MTT assay. Methods: In the present experimental study conducted from April 2016 to June 2018 in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, cytotoxicity of CPC (0. 05%), CHX (0. 2%), sodium hypochlorite (2. 5%) and Halita solutions was examined on human gingival fibroblast cell lines according to the standard MTT assay protocol. The solutions were diluted at ratios of 1, 0. 1, 0. 01 and 0. 001. Thus, four concentrations of each solution were prepared and evaluated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and paired t test, one-way ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, and post hoc tests. P value <0. 05 was considered significance level. Results: In the first 24 hours, the lowest cytotoxicity was observed for CHX (6. 19 ± 3. 10) and CPC (7. 08 ± 3. 04) at dilution of 0. 001 and the highest cytotoxicity was observed for Halita solution (25. 15 ± 7. 02) and sodium hypochlorite (22. 91 ± 7. 77) at dilution of 0. 01 (P < 0. 05). In total, the cytotoxicity of CPC at both concentrations and at all intervals was similar to CHX (P > 0. 05) and lower than two other solutions (P < 0. 05). At 24-hour interval, cytotoxicity of the solutions at both dilutions was lowest (P < 0. 05). At 48 and 72-hour intervals, the cytotoxicity of the solutions increased at both dilutions; however, there was no significant difference in mean cytotoxicity between 48-and 72-hour intervals (P > 0. 05). Conclusions: All solutions, particularly at commercial doses, had some levels of cytotoxicity depending on time and dose. The cytotoxicity of CPC 0. 05%, at all intervals and at the dilutions of 0. 01 and 0. 001, was similar to the cytotoxicity of CHX and lower than the cytotoxicity of sodium hypochlorite and Halita, and therefore CPC 0. 05% can be replaced with CHX in the presence of favorable antibacterial effects.

Background: Leishmaniasis is a major global health problem which affects millions of people, especially in the developing countries. The incidence of leishmaniasis has increased and there is no vaccination for Leishmania infections and standard drugs for treatment of the disease have many side effects; therefore, it is necessary to find new effective alternatives. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antileishmanial activity of Ixora brachiata root extract against Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum promastigotes. Materials and Methods: Different doses of the selected plant extract was tested against L. major and L. infantum promastigotes using colorimetric MTT [3-(4, 5-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. Glucantime was used as the positive control. Results: Anti-parasitic activity was revealed for I. brachiata root on L. major and L. infantum with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0. 91 and 2. 63 μ g/mL, respectively compared to the standard drugs, glucantime, which had an IC50 value of 40. 2 μ g/mL for L. major and 18. 5 μ g/mL for L. infantum after 72 hours.

Background and Aim: Gutta-percha is shown to be the most widely used root canal filing material due to its well-known low toxicity potential. A new kind of gutta-percha with nanosilver coating has synthesized by Iranian researchers and claimed to have antibacterial an antifungal properties. The aim of this study was to compare the cyotoxicity of nanosilver coated gutta-percha, GuttaFlow (GF), with normal gutta-percha (GP) on mouse fibroblast cell line L929. Materials & Methods: In this in vitro study, cytotoxicity was evaluated by fibroblast cell culture and its direct contact with the test materials. 30 specimens inserted in test tubes and cell survival fraction was estimated by MTT test after 1hour, 24 hour, and 1 week. Two way ANOVA, one way ANOVA and Tukey HSD were used for statistical analysis.Results: After 1 hour, cytotoxicity among three 3 test materials was significantly different. Nanosilver coated gutta-percha had the highest cytotoxicity and GuttaFlow the lowest one (P<0.01). After 24 hour, no significant differences were observed (P=0.37). After 1 week, GuttaFlow showed significantly higher cytotoxicity than normal gutta-percha and nanosilver gutta-percha (P<0.001). However, this difference was not significant between nanosilver and normal gutta-percha (P>0.05).Conclusion: In nanosilver gutta-percha group, the most cytotoxicity was observed after 1 hour while it was decreased with time and became equal to normal gutta-percha after 24 hours and after 1 week, it reached the lowest level among 3 test materials.

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, Human guts harbor abundant microbes that adjust many aspects of host physiology. Increasing studies show that gut microbiota plays a significant role in the incidence and expansion of CRC, as a result of virulence factors, bacterial metabolites, or inflammatory pathways. Materials and Methods: In this study, viability of HT29 cells, treated by different time of microbiota metabolits (3, 6, 12, 18h), was assessed by MTT assay respectively. Results: Treated cells with microbiota metabolits showed increased viability and proliferation, in time-dependent analysis by MTT assay. Conclusion: Considering that microbial metabolits is able to induce proliferation and increase cell viability, it seems microbial metabolites imbalance or dysbiosis in the gut due to the dietary or environmental changes or lifestyle risk factors may cause colorectal cancer.

Background and purpose: Treatment of leishmaniasis is getting complicated due to multipleside effects and drug resistance to first-line drugs. Agrostemma githago is a plant with anti-cancer andcytocidal effects, so, this study was conducted to evaluate the anti leishmanial effect of its extract onLeishmania major promastigotes by MTT assay and cell count. Materials and methods: A total of 2. 5×106 Leishmania major promastigotes in their stationaryphase were plated to each well of the 96 well culture plates. Cells were then incubated with increasingconcentrations of Agrostemma githago extract (0. 05 – 2. 4 mg/ml) for 48 hours at 25° C. Glucantim wasused as standard control. Then, the supernatants were discarded and 50 μ l of MTT were added for 3hours. After centrifuge, the supernatants were replaced by 100 μ l of DMSO. The plate was read byELISA reader at 570 nm. Trypan blue staining was also performed to evaluate the effect of Agrostemmagithago extract on Leishmania major promastigotes. Results: MTT assay showed that increasing concentrations of Agrostemma extract couldsignificantly reduce cell viability of Leishmania major promastigots in a dose dependent manner(p<0. 05). IC50 of the Agrostemma and Glucantime were 0. 365 and 71. 01 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Agrostemma githago was found to have stronger inhibitoryeffect than Glucantim on Leishmania major promastigots.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. There are considerable efforts to identify naturally occurring substances for use as new drugs in cancer therapy. Some components of animal venoms have been identified that possess substantial anticancer properties. In our previous studies, the cytotoxic effects of ICD-85 (venom-derived peptides) have been reported on HL-60 and MDA-MB231 cell lines. This has prompted us to investigate the comparative cytotoxic effects of ICD-85 on the HeLa cell line and normal lamb kidney (LK) cells.METHODS: Cells were exposed to various concentrations (8´10-4 to 5.6´10 mg/ml) of ICD-85 at various incubation times (24, 48 and 72 hours). Cell viability was measured by the MTT assay. A morphological study was also carried out using an inverted microscope. Caspase-8 activity was assayed by the Caspase-8 Colorimetric Assay Kit in HeLa cells that were exposed to ICD-85 for 48 hours.RESULTS: Data analysis showed that ICD-85 has a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells with an inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of 26.62±2.13 mg/ml at 24 hours, 27.33±2.35 mg/ml at 48 hours, and 28.13±2.52 mg/ml at 72 hours. Results also indicated that the cytotoxic effect of ICD-85, at 48 and 72 hours incubation times did not show significant alteration compared to 24 hours of exposure. Interestingly, the minimum concentration of ICD-85 which showed a cytotoxic effect on LK cells was found to be 3500-fold less than the minimum concentration that showed a cytotoxic effect on the HeLa cancer cells. While morphological analysis revealed a significant difference that included the characteristic rounding of dying cells by treatment with ICD-85 compared with untreated HeLa cells, this difference was not observed in normal cells. ICD-85 increased caspase-8 activity in HeLa cells after 48 hours of exposure.