Due to the development of intensive aquaculture systems that is associated with increased environmental impacts and the use of chlorine compounds due to their availability, efficiency and cost, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of chlorination on the physicochemical parameters of aquaculture effluent including nitrate, phosphate, TDS, TOC, ORP, BOD, COD, pH, EC and MPN. For this study, 200 liters of rainbow trout farms’ effluent were collected from the lowest outlet of Karaj Mahi-sara farm in Bilqan, Karaj and transferred to Sheikh Bahai Laboratory, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch. The effluent was designed in a control group and four treatments of chlorine with different levels, including 30, 20, 10, 40 mg/L liquid hypochlorite (3 times in 5-liter containers for 24 hours with shaker). After this period, 100 ml samples were taken from each container and qualitative indices were analyzed. The results showed that with increasing chlorine, bacterial BOD, COD, TDS, TOC, EC, nitrate and MPN parameters decreased tha highest difference (P<0. 05) third treatment with control one in TDS and with 4th treatments with other parameters indicated. ORP increased with increasing chlorine content, but increasing chlorine level did not have significant effect on pH and phosphate indices. The results showed that with increasing chlorine content, water and wastewater quality and biological indices improved to environmental standards. Based on the results, the fourth treatment with 40 mg / L had the best performance in improving the physicochemical parameters of the wastewater and the BOD, COD and TOC indices showed the highest response in this study.

Background: Detection of bacterial contamination in drinking water by culture method is a time and cost consuming method and spends a few days depending on contamination degree. However, the people use the tap water during that time. Molecular methods are rapid and sensitive. In this study a rapid Multiplex PCR method was used for rapid analysis both coliform bacteria and E.coli, and probable detection of VBNC bacteria in drinking water, the experiments were performed in bacteriological lab of water and Wastewater Corporation in Markazi province.Material and Methods:Amplification of a fragment from each of lacZ and uidA genes in a Multiplex PCR was used for detection of coliforms. Eight samples was taken from Arak drinking water system including 36 samples of wells, 41 samples of water distribution network and 3 samples from water storages were examined by amplification of lacZ and uidA genes in a Multiplex PCR. Equivalently, the MPN test was applied as a standard method for all samples for comparison of results. Standard bacteria, pure bacteria isolated from positive MPN and CRM were examined by PCR and MPN method. Results: The result of most samples water network, water storages, and water well were same in both MPN and PCR method .The results of standard bacteria and pure cultures of bacteria isolated from positive MPN and CRM confirmed the PCR method. Five samples were positive in PCR but negative in MPN method. Duration time of PCR was decreased about 105 min by changing the PCR program and electrophoreses factors.Conclusion: The Multiplex PCR can detect coliform bacteria and E.coli synchronous in drinking water.

Background: The aime of this study was to investigate the behavior of Map in Lighvan cheese with special reference to strains of Map, inoculum level, and storage time.Methods: One standard and two native strains of Map were inoculated (2 and 4 log cell/ml) to ewe’s raw milk and were used for cheese making. Behavior of Map throughout the manufacture, ripening and storage of Lighvan cheese was tracked using propidium monoazide (PMA) quantitative realtime PCR (qPCR) and MGIT-MPN assay.Results: PMA-qPCR and culture assay demonstrated comparable outcomes. Based on these results, inoculum level and storage time showed a significant effect on persistency of Map. Furthermore, during the storage period different behavior was observed among the various strains of Map.Conclusion: Map could survive the 6 months of storage period and Lighvan cheese has potential to support the survival of Map.

Background & Objective: JAK2, CALR, and MPL genes play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of BCR-ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of JAK2, CALR, and MPL mutations in BCRABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasms and their association with demographic data and hematologic parameters in a referral center, in the Middle East. Methods: Seventy-one patients with BCR-ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasms were evaluated for JAK2 V617F, CALR type 1, CALR type 2, and MPL by allele-specific PCR and conventional PCR from 2018 to 2019. Results: Twenty-three patients were categorized as polycythemia vera, JAK2 V617F was observed in 91. 3% of these cases. Thirty-eight patients were classified as essential thrombocythemia of which 52. 6% showed JAK2 V617F, 18. 4% demonstrated CALR type 1, 7. 9% denoted CALR type 2 and there was no mutation reported in 21. 1%. Seven patients were recognized as primary myelofibrosis and exhibited JAK2 V617F mutation in 57. 1%, CALR type 1 in 14. 3 %, CALR type 2 in 14. 3% and no mutation in 14. 3%. Three patients were diagnosed as MPN, unclassifiable and 33. 3% revealed JAK2 V617F mutation, and no mutation was found in 66. 6%. The age (59. 15± 13. 10) and neutrophil percent (70. 78± 10. 14) were higher in patients with JAK2 V617 mutation compared to other mutations (P=0. 000, and P=0. 03). Platelet count was significantly higher in patients with CALR type 1 mutation (1240400± 402053) (P=0. 000). Conclusion: JAK2 V617F was associated with patients’ higher age and higher neutrophil count in CBC. CALR mutation had an association with higher platelet count. No MPL mutation was found in this study and it seems that its frequency is lower than what is expected in this region.

Arterial and venous thrombosis are interrelated disorders at the interplay of platelets and brin. Arterial thrombi are platelet-rich and occur at sites vulnerable to atherosclerotic plaque rupture where blood shear rates are high; on the contrary, venous thrombi occur in association with slow blood FLow and shear rates. These differences may underlie why anti-platelet agents are more effective in prevention of arterial thrombosis, while anticoagulants are preferred for venous thrombosis. Although some common thrombophilic disorders (e.g., Factor V Leiden, prothrombin gene mutation, etc.) are almost exclusively associated with venous thromboembolism, there are several disorders that are important to consider when caring for patients with both arterial and venous thromboembolism. This article will review the evidence-based management of heparin induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis, anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome and catastrophic anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome, thrombohemorrhagic manifestations of Philadelphia chromosome-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms including polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelobrosis, as well as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.

Aim and Background: It is essential to pay attention to the quality of water for the continuation of human life. Water resources are one of the basic foundations for sustainable development, and in recent years, extensive research has been carried out on water quality assessment. One of the key issues in exploiting water resources is the quality that otherwise would have unexpected consequences in the agriculture, drinking and industry sectors. Mahabad River, located in Mahabad plain, is one of the most important rivers in the West Azerbaijan province. The average annual catchment area of the Mahabad River catchment area is 806 square kilometers and 295 million cubic meters respectively. In this research, the water quality of Mahabad River has been studied from the point of view of some microbiological parameters and the rate of self-pollination of the river. To achieve this goal, international standards for drinking water and irrigation were used. Materials and Methods: In the present study, which is descriptive-cross sectional, sampling during 6 months from 4 stations consisted of the station 1 km 20 of the Mahabad dam (upstream of Kowsar village), the station number two km 15 of Mahabad dam (upstream of the village of Dehbakr), respectively. Station No. 3 km 10 of Mahabad Dam and Station No. 4 km5 of Mahabad Dam were used and MPN method was used to measure water pollution index bacteria. Results: Seven biological parameters including diatomaceous earth, chlorophyce, cyanofisce, pertussu, rotifer, chrestas, nematode, residual chlorine, probable value, confirmation and heparin were measured. The results of the data analysis indicated that the river's microbial load was high. As the number of coliform bacteria in stations 1 and 4 was higher than the standard in most of the sampling. Conclusion: The results of the MPN calculations showed during the research, The microbial load of the river from station 1 to 4 is decreasing due to the flow of movement and its self-propagation.

Background and Objective: Providing safe and hygienic drinking water has an important effect on the health and well-being of society. This study aims to analyze microbial heterotrophy in the water network in Arak city and its correlation with physicochemical parameters and the material of water pipe network. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 500 sampls have been randomly prepared from the drinking water network in Arak city in a standard condition, and some variables as HPC, MPN, free residual chlorine, turbidity, PH and temperature have been measured. Findings: Evaluation of the results obtained through regression analysis has been performed. Based on the statistical analysis, HPC variables, MPN, PH and turbidity have a significant relationship with the place (P-Value <0. 01). There is a direct, but not significant, relationship between HPC and temperature (P-Value <0. 05), while free residual chlorine values reversely associate with HPC (P-Value <0. 01). Application of Pour Plate and Spread Plate Method for determining the number of HPC bacteria showed that in most cases the Pour Plate Method super performs the Spread Plate Method. Identification of the bacteria isolated from positive HPC revealed that bacillus and Micrococcaceae family have the ability to be active in high chlorine condition. Discussion and Conclusion: Monitoring of HPC is necessary as an important variable and effective in the control of drinking water bacteriological quality.