Dual job holding is widespread in Iran's labor market, 18% of work force are holding second job in 1993, which increased to 19% in 2003. Using a rich three years panel data-set of socioeconomic characteristics of Iranian households, the article aims to examine the determinants of dual job holding across the individuals who have participated in the labor market. Since the issue of dual job holding is the result of a two selection processes by the individuals, we apply a dual sample selection technique in the econometric analysis, which is based on the Tunali (1985). Our findings explore that age, gender, marital status, education are the main determinants of work hours in the first job, and wage rate in the first job, gender and age are the main driving forces of the second job holding probability.

"No man is an island" said the English poet, John Donne, and nowhere can that statement be better appreciated than in a modern emergency department (ED). As emergency physicians, we work in the setting of a close knit team involving nurses, technicians, consultants, clerks, security guards and many more. On a macroscopic level as well, the ED itself needs productive relationships with every other department in the hospital. Back when the ED was staffed by physicians-in-training, general practitioners and MOONLIGHTING specialists, the care of patients was jealously divided between the long-entrenched traditional specialties. Anesthesiologists handled difficult airways; Surgeons took care of trauma; Radiologists did the ultrasounds and read all the films, and so forth. Emergency medicine—a specialty that encompassed parts of many disciplines-was initially met with skepticism and resistance from the traditional fields...