Background AND Objectives: Nowadays, using ready to use AND fast foods like sausage AND hamburger is very delicious. These foods are provided in many ways, but one of them that is used in IRAN AND some other developing countries, is by using a material that is named MDM (Mechanically Deboned Meat). As skeleton AND residues are prepared from many unhygienic places, it may be contaminated with many agents like Salmonella spp., E.coli, Staph.aureus, MOLDS &YEASTS. In this research, we want to detect the microbial agent that had been forbidden to be in these products, because most consumption of these products is with childes AND teenagers. Material AND methods: This research was performed on 100 samples, have been sent from veterinary organization. These samples were sent us, in 10Kg frozen packing. AND were studied in microbial lab for determination above agents. Results: The results showed that, the contamination of the samples were as follow: 53% Salmonella spp., 59% E.coli, 68% Staph. aureus, 21% MOLDS AND 62%YEASTS. Serotyping of the contaminated samples with Salmonella spp. was as below: 13% S.gallinarum, 10% S.typhimorium, 9% S.enteritidis, 8% S.paratyphi A, 8% S.paratyphi C AND 5% S.paratyphi B. Conclusion: Therefore, it most notify that, the microbial contamination of this product is very high, that is show the violation in the process of production of this material. Because the presence of bacterial strains like, Salmonella spp. AND E.coli had forbidden. So the consumption of this material for producing sausage AND hamburger, which is used with most of people, must be forbidden.

The prevalence of contaminated foodborne diseases has always been a major challenge all around the world. A huge amount of money is spent on treating these diseases every year. This study investigated the status of chemical AND microbial contamination of confectionery products in Iran. Data were collected from electronic databases including Pubmed, Science Direct, Elsevier, SID, Magiran, AND Google Scholar during 2001-2017. Search keywords included microbial contamination, chemical contamination, confectionery products, cream-filled pastry, AND Iran. The results indicated that the highest contamination rates in South Khorasan, Tehran, Gorgan, AND Isfahan were related to Staphylococcus aureus (80%), Escherichia coli (57%), Enterobacteriaceae (25. 1%), AND YEASTS (100%), respectively. Moreover, the least prevalent pathogens in west of Tehran, Tabriz, east of Gilan, AND south of Tehran were S. aureus (4. 81%), Coliform (2. 51%), Bacillus cereus (1. 2%), AND E. coli (2%), respectively. In addition, there was no Salmonella in southeast of Tehran AND Yasouj. Most confectionery products contained unauthorized artificial dyes, AND authorized artificial dyes were also overused. The most commonly used artificial dye was sunset yellow with 80% use in Arak. Moreover, 100% of the samples in Arak contained unauthorized artificial dyes. Confectionery products are an important part of food products in the country. The likelihood of microbial AND chemical spoilage of these products increases due to the use of such ingredients as eggs, milk, AND color additives. Further training AND supervision on the preparation AND maintenance of these products by the local health authorities can be effective in reducing the contamination.

Onychomycosis is a nail infection caused by dermatophyte AND non-dermatophyte MOLDS AND YEASTS. The nail involvement is a feature of psoriasis, although skin manifestations are the most principal findings in psoriasis. Onychomycosis AND psoriasis are both common disorders in communities. It is possible that in some patients these two diseases are present at the same time. A review was performed using the keywords including nail psoriasis, onychomycoses, dermatophytes, non-dermatophyte MOLDS AND YEASTS in valid medical databases, such as PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus AND Science direct. Articles that were most relevant to the purpose of the study were selected AND studied. We investigated the incidence AND pathogenic function of fungal agents in causing fungal infections in psoriasis nails.

During mold filling, molten metal can only advance as quickly as the air inside the cavity is expelled. In this work an analytical model describing air flow is developed based on a incompressible flow theory. Air pressure has serious effects upon the filling behaviour such as surface profile AND filling time. In this work a new mathematical model is proposed for calculation the air pressure during the mold filling. A single phase computational fluid dynamic code based on the SOLA-VOF algorithm used for prediction the fluid flow. Air discharged through the vents is modelled by ideal gas assumption, conservation of mass equation AND Bernoulli law. A new algorithm was developed to interpolates the air pressure on the surface cell. The creation of air back pressure was correlated with sizes of vents AND pouring basin height. In order to verify the computational results a series of experimental test was conducted. Comparison between the experimental data AND simulation results has shown a good agreement.

Background AND Purpose: Fungal contamination in damp places in buildings has become an increasing problem worldwide. Dampness facilitates the growth of fungi, which can cause adverse effects not only on the buildings but also on their occupants. The aim of this study was to identify indoor mold species in the buildings of Kerman province, Iran. Materials AND Methods: In this study, 110 samples were obtained from surfaces of damp indoor areas in buildings rANDomly selected in Kerman province. The identification of fungal species was based on the macroscopic AND microscopic characteristics of the isolates, such as colony morphology, hyphae, conidia, AND conidiophores, as well as molecular sequence data. Results: Based on the results, a total of 218 fungal isolates were obtained. Apart from frequently isolated fungi, such as Alternaria, Aspergillus, AND Penicillium, 13 species, including Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Cladosporium herbarum, Cladosporium halotolerans, Engyodontium album, Collariella bostrychodes, Stachybotrys xigazenensis, Ramularia eucalypti, Fusarium merismoides, Fusarium solani, Ochroconis musae, Mucor racemosus, Acremonium zonatum, AND Acremonium persicinum were identified, AND the selected species were described. Among these 13 species, Cladosporium was the most common species (43%) in indoor surfaces, followed by Ochroconis musae (10. 8%) AND Engyodontium album (7. 4%). To the best of our knowledge, Stachybotrys xigazenensis was reported in the present study for the first time in Iran. In addition, E. album AND O. musae were isolated for the first time from indoor surfaces in Iran. Conclusion: According to the results, the level of overall fungal richness across indoor surfaces was high. Some of the isolated taxa were clinically significant. It was concluded that the damp residential surfaces were potentially passive collectors of clinically significant MOLDS.