Transmission mechanism and identification of supplies precipitation MOISTURE in an area are considered subjects in atmospheric science. The study aimed to identify the sources of MOISTURE supplies Iran’s rainfalls, uses four observations daily reanalysis ECMWF data include: Specific humidity (q), u & v component of wind to calculate vertical integrated horizontal divergence MOISTURE flux. The results have shown that Arabian and Mediterranean seas due to the transfer of high volume of MOISTURE over Iran were the major sources of water vapor supply in precipitation. And the red sea, the Caspian Sea, Oman and the Persian Gulf with excessive differences were located in the next ranks. In addition, Almost 97% of the total MOISTURE transferred is related to under the 500 hpa level. The MOISTURE transport patterns were depended on the atmospheric flow, specific high pressure in the lower troposphere. The Arabian Sea and North African High pressure are the major sources of MOISTURE on toward Iran.

In this study, the effect of three levels of 100, 70 and 50 percent of FC, MOISTURE as major factor and two levels of absorbent as secondary factor in three repeats during middle growing of radish was assessed. The analyzed results showed that the effect of MOISTURE and absorbents on volum, size and weight of gland, water used efficiency and total water used efficiency (gland+ shoot) were significantly in level 0. 01. The more shoot height, root length, leaf number, wet and dry weight were 12. 97 cm, 14. 49 cm, 7. 67 leaves, 8. 47 gr and 0. 51 gr, respectively. The less water used efficiency and total water used efficiency belonged to MOISTURE 100 %. The more values of gland weight, water used efficiency and total efficiency were 12. 07 gt, 6. 36 and 11. 93 kg/m3 in 13 gr vermicompost. The interaction of MOISTURE and absorbent for wet and dry factors were 14. 16 and 0. 62 gr, water used efficiency and total efficiency were 7. 25 and 12. 46 kg/m3 in 75% level MOISTURE and 13 gr vermicompost In 42. 6 % of cases, the peak gland weight and water used efficiency and total efficiency related to interaction 75% moistute and 13 gr vermicompost. In 42. 6 % of cases, the results showed that the more values of some factores belonged to interaction of 100% MOISTURE with minimum vermicompost (13 gr) with 75% of FC MOISTURE and level 13 gr vermicompost have not significant difference. So, it can be concluded that in 85. 2 % of cases the effect of 75% FC with 13 gr vermicompost was suitable.

Soil surface water content is a key variable of hydrologic cycle which plays a significant role in global water and energy balance by affecting several hydrological, ecological and meteorological processes. Soil MOISTURE varies significantly in space and time due to spatial variability of soil properties, topography, vegetation characteristics and atmospheric dynamics. Soil MOISTURE is either measured directly by in situ methods, e.g., Neutron probe, time domain reflectrometry (TDR) or estimated indirectly through pedotransfer functions (PTFs) or remote sensing (RS). Since in situ measurements in large scales are mainly expensive and time consuming, the RS-GIS methods can be used for this purpose. The objective of this study was to estimate surface soil MOISTURE using NDVI, NDMI and LST indices. For this purpose, by using images of MODIS 1B, the indicators of soil MOISTURE were obtained. By using the field soil MOISTURE data, the required analyses were performed to calibrate and validate the model output. The results indicated that there is a reasonable correlation (0.66) between the soil surface MOISTURE and some indices such as NDVI, NDMI and LST. The model validation further indicated that having a mean error of less than about 0.018, the proposed method can predict soil surface MOISTURE reasonably.

Introduction: MOISTURE flux convergence (MFC) is some MOISTURE in atmosphere that moves from side to another side. It combines from advection humidity and MOISTURE convergence terms. The function is calculated on the basis special humidity and wind vectors and it is used to forecast the thunderstorms and heavy precipitations. It is a term in the conservation of water vapor equation and was first calculated in the 1950s and 1960s as a vertically integrated quantity to predict rainfall associated with synoptic-scale systems. MFC was eventually suggested for use in forecasting convective initiation in the midlatitudes in 1970, but practical MFC usage quickly evolved to include only surface data, owing to the higher spatial and temporal resolution of surface observations. Since then, surface MFC has been widely applied as a short-term (0–3 h) prognostic quantity for forecasting convective initiation, with an emphasis on determining the favorable spatial locations for such development. This research investigates MOISTURE flux convergence in convective, non-convective, super-heavy and heavy precipitation events in the southern coasts of Caspian Sea. It study role of each humidity resources to occur precipitation in different regions in the north of Iran.Methodology: On the basis of daily precipitations in seven stations during 1961 to 2008, with regard to 25 and 50 percent probability, precipitation events are divided into heavy and super heavy precipitations. The events are also grouped into convective and non-convective precipitations based on the clouds synoptic codes. The MOISTURE sources are distinguished using MOISTURE flux convergence and humidity advection in different level pressures from 1000 to 500 hpa over the past 2 days. MOISTURE sources are distinguished for precipitations in the north of Iran.Discussion Figure: shows that there is the most frequency of MOISTURE flux convergence in the west area in compare with the east and mountainous regions. There are the maximum functions at 06:00 GMT for different precipitation regions. Figure 2 indicates that the functions are in the convective group more than non-convective group and super-heavy than heavy precipitation events. There are the maximum functions at 06:00 GMT for different precipitation groups. Fig.1. MOISTURE flux convergence mean in different precipitation regions in 1000hpa level(gr/kgs) 18 12 06 00 Observational times Precipitation regions 10 12 16 12 west region, super heavy group 5 8 12 9 West region, heavy group 8 10 14 11 Mountainous region, super heavy group 4 8 12 6 Mountainous region, heavy group 6 8 8 6 East region, super heavy group 4 8 8 6 East region, heavy group Fig.2. MOISTURE flux convergence mean in different precipitation groups in 1000hpa level(gr/kgs) 18 12 06 00 Observational times Precipitation groups 6 15 18 12 Convective and super heavy precipitation 6 9 12 8 Nonconvective and super heavy precipitation 4 8 12 7 Convective and heavy precipitation 2 6 11 5 Nonconvective superheavy precipitation Conclusion: The difference between heavy and super-heavy precipitation in terms of MOISTURE flux convergence is more in convective than non-convective events. The frequency of MOISTURE sources are more in super-heavy precipitation than heavy precipitation. However, the Caspian Sea is the first supplier MOISTURE sources for the precipitation in the north of Iran, the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea are the second supplier sources respectively in super-heavy and heavy precipitation.

Equilibrium data of the MOISTURE content of ammonium nit rate when exposed to air flows with 20 to 65% MOISTURE were obtained and the absorption and desorption isotherms were plotted at 29,38 and 44°C using EMC. The evaporation (absorption) rate of MOISTURE was determined and its relation with the MOISTURE content was investigated at constant temperatures. Granular ammonium nitrate (explosive grade) from Shiraz petrochemical company was used. The molecular diffusion coefficient of MOISTURE in ammonium nitrate was calculated at the temperatures mentioned above an d its relation with temperature was determined.