Background: MIGRAINE is a common disorder which affects quality of life. There has been an increasing interest for discovering the association of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders with MIGRAINE during past years. This study aims to evaluate the association of Helicobacter pylori contamination, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastric ulcer (GU), and duodenal ulcer (DU) with MIGRAINE in patients who underwent upper GI endoscopy due to refractory dyspepsia. Materials and Methods: In this observational cross‑ sectional study, 341 dyspeptic patients who underwent upper GI endoscopy in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom, Iran, included during 2016– 2018. A checklist was used for collecting demographics, symptoms, and results from endoscopy and H. pylori testing. Diagnosis of MIGRAINE was made according to the International Headache Society criteria in patients who had headache. Data were analyzed using Chi‑ square and independent samples t‑ tests in SPSS 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) with P < 0. 05 as significance level. Results: Among 341 patients, 141 (% 41. 3) were male and 200 (58. 7%) were female. 149 (43. 7%) patients were diagnosed with MIGRAINE, from which 48 (32. 2%) were male and 101 (67. 8%) were female. The observed difference in MIGRAINE prevalence among male and female was statistically significant (P = 0. 003). 198 (58. 06%) patients were H. pylori contaminated, among these 138 (69. 7%) suffered from MIGRAINE. Among 143 H. pylori‑ negative patients, there were 11 (7. 7%) MIGRAINEurs. The difference in the prevalence of MIGRAINE among H. pylori positive and negative patients was significant. H. pylori and GERD were associated with MIGRAINE with P < 0. 001. Patients with DU were more commonly suffering from MIGRAINE (P = 0. 001). The association in patients with GU was not statistically significant (P = 0. 863). Conclusion: MIGRAINE might be associated with GERD, H. pylori infection, and DU, and the treatment of the underlying GI disorder may control headaches.

Background: MIGRAINE ranks as the eighth most disabling condition and one of the most common causes of headache in Pakistan.Objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine the association between MIGRAINE and diabetes in pregnant women.Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 498 pregnant women, grouped into pregnant without diabetes (n= 300) and pregnant with diabetes (n=198) according to the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study criteria.Seventy-five women with known MIGRAINE were also recruited as positive controls. After confirming that the study subjects had headache at least once a month, the researcher filled out a comprehensive form based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders version II. MIGRAINE disability score was used to assess severity. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured by using the enzymatic method. Data were presented as meanSD and frequencies, where applicable. Chi-square test and Spearman correlation test were performed. A P value of<0.05 was considered significant.Results: The headache prevalence during pregnancy was 69% in the women with diabetes and 64% in the women without diabetes.Apositive unilateral distributionwasobserved in 51% of the casesand36.3% of the controls (P<0.01). However, 94.7% of the pregnant cohort reported not having experienced aura. Of the pregnant women with diabetes, 19% fell within the mild to moderate disability score as compared with the 10.3% of the pregnant women without diabetes (P<0.01). High fasting blood glucose levels showed a significant association with headache scores (r=0.144; P<0.01).Conclusions: Headaches, particularly MIGRAINE without aura, are a common occurrence in pregnancy in our population. MIGRAINE severity is positively associated with high blood glucose levels.

Background and Aim: Vestibular MIGRAINE is a type of MIGRAINE that causes vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance in addition to typical MIGRAINE symptoms. In this study, we aimed to investigate vestibular system in these patients by videonystagmography (VNG), electrocochleography (ECochG), and vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) testing.Methods: This empirical study was conducted on 10 patients aged 18-45 years old (mean age: 29.7 years) with vestibular MIGRAINE and 10 normal subjects (mean age: 30.9 years). Immittance, audiometry, VNG, ECochG, and VEMP tests were performed in attack-free phase in both groups.Results: Mean value of spontaneous nystagmus was significantly higher in patients compared to the normal subjects (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in oculomotor, positional, caloric, and ECochG test results between the two groups (p>0.05). In positional test, pathologic nystagmus was detected in four patients with vestibular MIGRAINE, but there was not any significant difference between the two groups in this regard (p>0.05). Mean p13-n23 amplitude was significantly lower and mean p13 latency was significantly higher in the vestibular MIGRAINE patients than that of the control group.Conclusion: Vestibular malfunction was more prevalent in patients with MIGRAINE than the control group even between attacks. This malfunction can be observed in both peripheral and central systems. Due to heterogeneity of vestibular disorders in patients with vestibular MIGRAINE and the variety of pathologic mechanisms that affect its occurrence and progression, conducting one test alone cannot be helpful in diagnosis; thus, test battery approach is crucial.

Background: Headache is the most common form of pain. Previous reports have demonstrated that chronic recurrent headache (MIGRAINE and tension headache) is more prevalent among those with sleep disorders. We studied patients referred to a private clinic and Shaheed Beheshti University hospital in 1999 to determine the association between sleep disorders and MIGRAINE and tension headache. Materials and methods: During this case-control study, we studied the occurrence of headache following sleep disorder and then recovery after sleeping. Those with MIGRAINE or tension headache comprised our case group. A relative who was matched according to the sex and age and had no previous history of headache was set as control. Then, sleep disorder, headache following sleep disorder, and recovery after sleeping were all determined. Odd's ratio was measured as the main statistics. Results: The study population included 400 individuals, 200 as the cases and 200 as control subjects. The mean age of case and control group was 28.5±7.5 and 32.9±4.7 years, respectively. Sleep disorder was reported in 17% of control subjects and 80% of the cases (p<0.001). The prevalence of sleep disorder in patients with MIGRAINE and tension headache was 18-fold higher than that in control subjects. Sleep disorder was found in 81 % of patients with MIGRAINE and 79% of those with tension headache (NS). 43 (87%) have reported post sleep MIGRAINE and 87 (78.4%) have had post-sleep tension headache (NS). Of these patients, 35 (81.4%) and 77 (88.5%) have recovered after sleeping, respectively (NS). Conclusion: Sleep disorder is associated with MIGRAINE and tension headache. Experimental studies to determine the effects of sleeping pattern on headache are highly recommended.

Background and Aims: Psychological problems are prevalent among patients with chronic headache. A large percentage of those with MIGRAINE headache are depressed and many of them suffer from anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was assessing the personality traits in MIGRAINE patients.Materials and Methods: We randomly selected one hundred patients with MIGRAINE headaches who referred to neurology clinics. In this cross-sectional research MIGRAINE headache was diagnosed by a neurologist and recorded by IHS questionnaire. To assess personality traits, we used NEO-FFI test. Patients with a major psychiatric disorder were excluded and eighty six subjects completed the study.Results: OF all participants, 67% were female, 35% were married, and 45% high school or university graduates. The mean age was 30 years. Compared to normal population, obsessive traits were more common in MIGRAINEurs. Female had low scores in openness to experiences and male had low scores in neuroticism.Conclusion: In accordance to previous studies, we found a relationship between personality traits and MIGRAINE considering psychological profile of patients that can affect the outcome and treatment of MIGRAINE.

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders which a physician might come across in his career life. On the other hand, MIGRAINE is common disorders in society chronic headache such as MIGRAINE in epileptic patients give ride to difficulties in seizure treatment due to altering the sleeping pattern and calmness disarrangement. Therefore, early diagnosis and suitable treatment in epileptic patients is definitely inevitable, and it will help in a more desirable patients’ treatment. So we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MIGRAINE in epileptic patients and relation between these two disorders. Number of 150 epileptic patients attended to neurology clinic of Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital and Iranian Epilepsy Association between June 2010 to May 2011 were fulfilled the questionnaire, and the data has been assessed by SPSS software. In this study, we used MS-Q (MIGRAINE screening-questionnaire) designed for early diagnosis of MIGRAINE in the general population. From all patients filling the questionnaire, the prevalence of MIGRAINE (with or without aura) was as follows: 23 persons had criteria compatible with MIGRAINE with aura; 26 patients had MIGRAINE without aura. MIGRAINE was more common in these patients: persons with academic degrees, women, patients who were used 2 antiepileptic drugs, and patients with high BMI. In this study, we showed that MIGRAINE in epileptic patients is more prevalent than the general population. Thus, early diagnosis and efficient treatment of MIGRAINE headache in these patients is mandatory. More studies are needed for evaluation of this issue.