Due to the importance of conservation and preserving indigenous breeds, Baluchi sheep as the most populous breed of Iranian sheep with reliable pedigree was selected. In this study genetic variations were analyzed with 15 MICROSATELLITEs markers (BM737, BM1815, BMS332, BMS995, BMS2721, KD101, LSCV36, LSCV38, McM63, McM139, McM214, McMA1, McMA10, OarVH110, TGLA231) in a population of Baluchi sheep. Whole blood samples were randomly collected from 140 sheep at Abbas Abad Breeding Station (Mashhad). After PCR reactions, McM139 locus wasn't amplified and LSCV38 locus was ignored for many null Alleles. Thirteen MICROSATELLITEs loci were %100 polymorphic. Number of alleles, observed and expected heterozygosity, polymorphic information content (PIC) and Shannon index were calculated. Highest and lowest allele numbers was observed in OarVH110 locus with 12 alleles and 6 alleles in BM737, BMS332, McMA10, respectively. Effective number of allele was between 3. 51 (LSCV36) to 8. 66 (OarVH110). The highest and the lowest heterozygosity belonged to 0. 89 (OarVH110) and 0. 71 (LSCV36), respectively. OarVH110 locus indicated the highest PIC (0. 873) and LSCV36 locus indicated the lowest PIC (0. 669). The highest and lowest Shannon index were belonged to 2. 21 (OarVH110) and 0. 66 (LSCV36), respectively. These results verify high efficiency of MICROSATELLITEs marker for screening of population's structure in Iranian native sheep and in future study for QTL mapping. So, presence of new alleles and allele range indicates difference between Baluchi sheep population structure with foreign Sheep breeds.

Genetic characterization and classification of germless are very important in breeding programmers. In this study 46 Citrus genotypes of Iran were classified based on data obtained from MICROSATELLITE marker banding pattern, using the Complete Cluster analysis. In this research nine pair of SSR primers generated a total of 54 alleles. The CAC33 with 9 alleles had the highest and TAA17 with 4 alleles had the lowest number of alleles among the SSR markers employed. The number of heterozygote varieties varied from 21 in TAA27 and 43 in TAA17 loci. The highest PIC value was related to TAA15 (PIC=0.782) and the lowest was for TAA27 (PIC=0.412). Cluster analysis divided the genotypes into 3 clusters. The genotype Kc36 was very similar to Kc43 and both of them were grouped in the same cluster and the least similarity with other types was related to the genotype Kc41. Also (Citrus maxima), (Citrus medica) and (Citrus reticulata) were placed in three groups. Based on results obtained from this experiment, it was inferred that among the studied SSR marker employed, TAA41, CAC15, CAC19, TAA15, TAA33, CAC33 and TAA1 revealed high distinct polymorphism. From the result of this study we suggest that these markers can be used for detecting genetic variability on Citrus germplasm.

Identification and analysis of the variation of honeybee populations is an outstanding subject in the bees breeding. The grouping of populations based on the morphological keys using cluster analysis by the minimum variance WARD method divided the colonies into four groups. The results showed morphological dissociation of Iranian race from the foreign ones. The imported race to this region including Italian and hybrid Starline were dissociated into four different groups but the Midnite race were not completely dissociated from the Starline. The study of two MICROSATELLITE loci showed a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 4 allels per locous. The analysis of population genetic parameters and phylogenetic relationships using cluster analysis method showed that the mean observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.93 and 0.53, respectively. The most similarity was observed between Italian and Starline races as 0.98 and the less similarity was revealed between Midnite and Italian races as 0.57. The results implies that the Italian race was completely separated from the Italian ones, Starline and Midnite hybrids.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Iran. Our aim was to investigate five mononucleotide statuses among Iranian patients with sporadic colorectal cancer.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 80 sporadic CRC patients were evaluated for MICROSATELLITE instability (MSI). The pentaplex panel including 5 quasi mononucleotide MICROSATELLITE markers (NR-21, BAT-26, BAT-25, NR-27 and NR-24) was used. The MSI analysis was performed on paired tumoral DNA from cancerous tissues and genomic DNA from whole blood. MSI carriers were identified by analysis of tumor tissue using polymerase chain reaction.Results: Our findings showed that MICROSATELLITE instability was detected in 36 of 80 cases (45%) with colorectal cancer. MSI analysis revealed that 17 cases of MSI-H (21%), 19 MSI-L (23%) and 44 MICROSATELLITE stable tumors (55%). Instability is observed in the tumoral DNA compared to the DNA from the normal DNA sample. The most instable markers were NR-21, NR-24 in which instability was detected in 45% of patients.Conclusion: Using a panel including 3 mentioned MSI markers should be more promising markers for identifying MSI status in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer.