Clustering algorithms are highly dependent on different factors such as the number of clusters, the specific clustering algorithm, and the used distance measure. Inspired from ensemble classification, one approach to reduce the effect of these factors on the final clustering is ensemble clustering. Since weighting the base classifiers has been a successful idea in ensemble classification, in this paper we propose a method to use weighting in the ensemble clustering problem. The accuracies of base clusterings are estimated using an algorithm from crowdsourcing literature called agreement/disagreement method (AD). This method exploits the agreements or disagreements between different labelers for estimating their accuracies. It assumes different labelers have labeled a set of samples, so each two persons have an agreement ratio in their labeled samples. Under some independence assumptions, there is a closed-form formula for the agreement ratio between two labelers based on their accuracies. The AD method estimates the labelers’ accuracies by minimizing the difference between the parametric agreement ratio from the closed-form formula and the agreement ratio from the labels provided by labelers. To adapt the AD method to the clustering problem, an agreement between two clusterings are defined as having the same opinion about a pair of samples. This agreement can be as either being in the same cluster or being in different clusters. In other words, if two clusterings agree that two samples should be in the same or different clusters, this is considered as an agreement. Then, an optimization problem is solved to obtain the base clusterings’ accuracies such that the difference between their available agreement ratios and the expected agreements based on their accuracies is minimized. To generate the base clusterings, we use four different settings including different clustering algorithms, different distance measures, distributed features, and different number of clusters. The used clustering algorithms are mean shift, k-means, mini-batch k-means, affinity propagation, DBSCAN, spectral, BIRCH, and agglomerative clustering with average and ward METRICS. For distance measures, we use correlation, city block, cosine, and Euclidean measures. In distributed features setting, the k-means algorithm is performed for 40%, 50%, … , and 100% of randomly selected features. Finally, for different number of clusters, we run the k-means algorithm by k equals to 2 and also 50%, 75%, 100%, 150%, and 200% of true number of clusters. We add the estimated weights by the AD algorithm to two famous ensemble clustering methods, i. e., Cluster-based Similarity Partitioning Algorithm (CSPA) and Hyper Graph Partitioning Algorithm (HGPA). In CSPA, the similarity matrix is computed by taking a weighted average of the opinions of different clusterings. In HGPA, we propose to weight the hyperedges by different values such as the estimated clustering accuracies, size of clusters, and the silhouette of clusterings. The experiments are performed on 13 real and artificial datasets. The reported evaluation measures include adjusted rand index, Fowlkes-Mallows, mutual index, adjusted mutual index, normalized mutual index, homogeneity, completeness, v-measure, and purity. The results show that in the majority of cases, the proposed weighted-based method outperforms the unweighted ensemble clustering. In addition, the weighting is more effective in improving the HGPA algorithm than CSPA. For different weighting methods proposed for HGPA algorithm, the best average results are obtained when we use the accuracies estimated by the AD method to weight the hyperedges, and the worst results are obtained when using the normalized silhouette measure for weighting. Finally, among different methods for generating base clusterings, the best results in weighted HGPA are obtained when we use different clustering algorithms to come up with different base clusterings.

Major development activities in a region usually take place on the basis of a regional land use plan. The dynamic interactions of socio-economic and environmental factors in both space and time aspects are main reasons for complexity of regional land use planning. The main goal of this research is to develop a new GIS-based model for the allocation of various land use types at the regional level. The model is based on the comparison of land suitability (calculated in large scale) and land demand (evaluated in small scale). In different parts of the model, computational intelligece, multi-criteria decision making methods, regression analysis and GIS functions are used. Important driving factors in land suitability model are ecological capability, neighborhood effect, accessibility and zoning regulations. In this research, proper factor maps for these driving factors were generated and integrated using multiplicative weighted average. To generate ecological capability maps, the Makhdoum!s ecological capability model, which is widely applied in Iran, was implemented using a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). The fuzzy maps of soil texture, soil depth, slope, climate, elevation, erosion and geology were considered as inputs to the FIS. Neighborhood effect maps were produced based on cellular automat concept. The neighborhood effect for each cell was estimated based on the agglomerated spatial externalities of its neighboring cells, located in its influence region. The spatial externalities of land use types over distance were defined using land values, spatial METRICS and expert knowledge. Accessibility was calculated using weighted average of the accessibility to infrastructures and major activity centers. Accessibility to relevant infrastructures (road networks, electricity transmission lines, gas pipelines and water canals) was modeled on the basis of Euclidean distance. Accessibility to major activity centers (population and industry centers) was determined using the gravity model. To estimate the land demands in the years of 2016 and 2021, the land use changes occured during the past two decades were used, in a stocastic regression model. Beside land suitability and land demand, land use conversion rules and policies are also needed to be considered in land use allocation process. Finally, in an inventive procedure, the demanded land use types were allocated, shut that the arrangement of land use types in the entire area was optimised. The developed model was implemented using the data of Borkhar & Maymeh townships, in Esfahan province, Iran. Considering 2004 as the base year, the result of the model is the allocation of urban residential, rural residential, industry and agriculture land use types for the years of 2016 and 2021, based on both agglomerated policies, as well as non-agglomerated ones.The developed methodology can be used by planners and decision makers when studying and proposing future land use plans. In this research, two conditions were assumed to limit the scope of the work. First, only the increases of land demands were modeled. Second, only the general land use types were considered. As the continuation of this research, both the decreases in the land demand and and the more detailed land use types can be considered.

Purpose: To evaluate corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor in penetrating keratoplasty grafts in a group of keratoconic eyes using the ocular response analyzer (ORA) and to evaluate the relationship between donor size, donor-recipient disparity and central graft thickness (CGT), and ORA parameters.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 34 eyes of 34 keratoconus patients who had undergone PKP. Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), and cornea-compensated intraocular pressure were measured at least 6 months after complete suture removal. Two groups of donorrecipient disparity (0.25 vs. 0.50 mm) were compared using the independent t test. Multivariate regression analysis was used to investigate the correlation of donor trephine size and CGT with ORA parameters. Factors influencing intraocular pressure measured with the Goldmann applanation tonometer (IOP GAT) after PKP were determined using multiple regression analysis.Results: Mean patient age and follow-up period were 29.6±6.2 years and 82.4±59.6 months, respectively. Mean CGT, CH, and CRF were 567.5±38.8 mm, 10.2±2.1 mm Hg, and 10.1±2.2 mm Hg, respectively. CH and CRF had a significant positive correlation with donor trephine size and CGT. Significantly greater values of CH and CRF were observed in the 0.5-mm disparity group compared with the 0.25-mm disparity group. Among the studied parameters, only CH, CRF, and cornea-compensated intraocular pressure had a significant positive correlation with IOP GAT.Conclusion: Graft biomechanics seem to be closer to normal values with larger grafts and greater donorrecipient disparity. These METRICS had a significant correlation with IOP GAT after PKP.

Purpose: In recent years, the increasing growth of entrepreneurship research has created the need to target scientific research in this field in the country and also in the entrepreneurship faculty of Tehran University. By using various scientometric techniques, the status of these studies should be examined and studied from different viewpoints. So this study aims to analyze the structure of social network co-occurrence and Co-authorship of scientific documents produced by researchers of the Faculty of Entrepreneurship of the University of Tehran in the Scopus database during the years 2008 to 2020. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose is an applied and descriptive scientoMETRICS, which has been done methodologically with co-word analysis and network analysis. The collected data (on September 10, 2020, corresponding to September 20, 2019) were analyzed using Excel software. VOSviewer software was used to draw the maps and UCINet software was used to analyze social networks using centrality METRICS. Findings: Findings show that a total of 236 scientific documents has been indexed by researchers of the Faculty of Entrepreneurship of the University of Tehran in the Scopus database, that all these documents are presented in English and in 5 different types, that the Journal articles rank first with 176 records in the Scopus database. Since 2014, scientific productions in this field have started their growth period and in 2018, they have reached their growth period. "Contributions to Management Science" Journal with the publication of 20 articles, the "Iranian Entrepreneurship: Deciphering the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Iran and in the Iranian Diaspora" Journal with 14 articles and the International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business with 11 articles, considered as the core Journals for the researchers of the Faculty of Entrepreneurship of Tehran University. In terms of the number of citations, the articles have had an upward and favorable trend since 2015 and the H index calculated in the Scopus database in the field of entrepreneurship in a 13-year period shows the number 17. The most cooperation in the production of this research has been with the United Kingdom, Australia, and Denmark. Seyed Mojtabi Sajjadi, Mohammad Reza Zali, Afsana Bagheri, and Aydin Salamzadeh have the most scientific products, respectively. In the study of the co-occurrence network of entrepreneurship field in the Scopus database, 13 topic clusters were identified, which are the largest clusters, respectively, "supply chain management", "multi-criteria decision management" and "organizational entrepreneurship". the supply chain management cluster is the largest cluster. In terms of the centrality index, Seyed Mojtabi Sajjadi with a centrality score of 42, Mohammad Reza Zali with a centrality score of 25, and Kambiz Talebi with a centrality score of 20 are in the first to third ranks. Also, in terms of the closeness centrality index, Mohammad Azizi with a centrality score of 909, Kayhan Taj-aldini with a centrality score of 909, and Nader Seyed Amiri with a centrality score of 901 had the highest degree of closeness. According to the centrality index, Kambiz Talebi with a centrality score of 095. 1405, Seyed Mojtabi Sajjadi with a centrality score of 968. 1312, and Jahangir Yadalhi Farsi with a centrality score of 224. 758 are in a good position in the network. In terms of the centrality index of the special vector, Seyed Mojtabi Sajjadi with a centrality score of 1, Mohammad Reza Zali with a centrality score of 57. 0, and Nizamuddin Faqih with a centrality score of 493. 0 were ranked first to third. Conclustion: Since the Faculty of Entrepreneurship can play an active role in the economic growth of the country and increase the employment rate through self-employment, more attention should be paid to this field and active researchers and its thematic trends.

Purpose: To compare corneal biomechanical properties and intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) before and after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).Methods: This prospective non-randomized intra subject comparative study was conducted on 44 eyes of 22 patients with the diagnosis of PBK who underwent DSAEK in one eye. Intraocular pressure was measured by Goldmannapplanation tonometer (IOP GAT), and central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured by ultrasound pachymetry. The ocular response analyser (ORA) was used to measure corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann-related intraocular pressure (IOPg), and cornea-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc). The same measurements were performed in the normal fellow eyes which served as controls. All measurements were performed preoperatively and six months postoperatively.Results: Mean patient agewas 67±14 years. Mean preoperative CH and CRFvalues in the DSAEK group were 5.77±2.94 and 6.39±2.72 mm Hg, respectively, which were significantly lower than those measured in the control group (8.2±2.47 and 8.43±2.49 mm Hg, respectively, P=0.001 for both comparisons). Postoperatively, CH and CRF demonstrated a significant increase (7.09±3.68 mm Hg, P=0.05 and 8.21±3.84 mm Hg, P=0.03, respectively) in operated eyes approaching the normal values measured in the control eyes.Conclusion: Corneal biomechanicalparameters were significantly lower in PBK eyes as compared to the normal fellow eyes. These METRICS significantly increased after DSAEK and reached values measured in the normalfellow eyes.

The author, a member of the Persian Academy and a well-known authority on questions of prosody, deals here with a relatively obscure area of METRICS in classical Persian poetry, which the late scholar Dr. Parvīz Nātel Kānlarī has dubbed qā'ede-ye qalb (the rule of metathesis). This so-called rule allows a poet to use two closely-resembling but albeit slightly different metrical patterns in the same distich: pattern A in the first half-distich and pattern B in the second one.A case in point is the poetry of Qavāmī-ye Rāzī, a 6th century A.H. poet of the Seljuk period, whose divan, published in a scholarly edition in 1995, was the subject of a review in this same journal (volume 4, No. 4, Serial No. 16, pp. 6-27). There are some 90 instances in the divan that the editor, Sayyed lalāl od-Dīn Mohaddes. Ormavī, has found metrically faulty, and has "corrected analogically", i.e. by using solely his own poetical judgment without reference to any extant manuscript. The reviewer of Nāme-ye Farhangestān, Mr. Ahmad Samī'ī GīIānī, argued that these "corrections" were unjustified, because the distiches in question are metrically sound on the basis of the rule of metathesis.Now, Mr. Najafī delves into the question, shows that the difference between the two metrical patterns is only in the syllabic order of one foot (a long syllable followed by a short one in pattern A and vice versa in pattern B), cites many lines of poetry from earlier poets, to conclude that the rule in question, which may be better called a poetical exception rather than a rule, went out of usage after the 6th century A.H., and survives today only in the robāī  (quatrain) format.

Background and Objectives: Evapotranspiration is one of the most critical components in the land branch of the hydrological cycle, which, as the link between water and energy cycles, plays an essential role in the interaction of the atmosphere and surface. Getting access to remote sensing images has made it possible to study evapotranspiration spatially and temporally, including actual evapotranspiration (AET) and potential evapotranspiration (PET). Evapotranspiration of the MOD16A2 MODIS sensor can be very useful among remote sensing images due to its very appropriate spatial (500 m) and temporal (8 daily) resolutions in regional studies in areas without data. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated the MODIS global terrestrial potential evapotranspiration product (MOD16A2) using two reference evapotranspiration methods of Penman-Monteith FAO 56 and Priestley-Taylor in meteorological stations from 2001 to 2018. The study area is located in the southwestern provinces of Iran (Khuzestan and Bushehr), west of Iran (Hamedan and Kermanshah provinces), and north of Iran (Guilan and Mazandaran provinces), which is classified from arid to hyper humid according to the UNESCO method. Then, Penman-Monteith FAO 56 and Priestley-Taylor reference evapotranspiration was prepared using meteorological data with the Evapotranspiration package R software, and the potential evapotranspiration data of the MOD16A2 product was provided using the Google Earth Engine system. Then, these data were compared based on evaluation METRICS in different climates. Results: Compared to both the Penman-Monteith FAO 56 and Priestley-Taylor methods, the MOD16A2 product overestimates evapotranspiration in all climate types and has a greater variance in data. The statistical properties of the MOD16A2 include: the first and third quarters in arid and semi-arid climates with Penman-Monteith FAO 56 evapotranspiration is less different than the Priestley-Taylor method. In contrast, the first and third quarters of the MOD16A2 are more similar to the Priestley-Taylor evapotranspiration in semi-humid, humid, and perhumid climates. MOD16A2 also estimates the seasonal evapotranspiration cycles well, but the date of the MOD16A2 peaks in all climate types occur mostly with one-week precedence. The evapotranspiration of the MOD16A2 is successful in estimating the PenmanMonteith (Priestley-Taylor) evapotranspiration in arid and semi-arid climates (semi-humid to perhumid climates), particularly semi-arid with cold winters and hot summers climate (per humid climate), due to the small errors of the model, including PBIAS and RMSE respectively in the range of 40. 3-46. 5% and 14. 19-6. 6 (the range of 72. 5-97% and 6-24. 5 ), the high coefficient of the modified agreement index in the range of 0. 5-0. 61 (0. 37-0. 5), weighted determination in the range of 0. 55-0. 63 (0. 44-0. 51). Moreover, there is a strong positive linear relationship among MOD16A2, Priestley-Taylor, and Penman-Monteith in most climate types, because of their high correlation coefficients (more than 0. 85). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate less uncertainty in evapotranspiration of the MOD16A2 product with the Penman-Monteith FAO 56 method in the semi-arid and arid climates, especially semi-arid climates. In contrast, in the semi-humid to perhumid climates, MOD16A2 product has less uncertainty with the Priestley-Taylor method. Also, the MOD16A2 product has the least uncertainty in the semi-arid climates due to the least errors. Therefore, considering the recent climate change in terms of increasing temperature and consequently increasing evapotranspiration, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions around the world, and proposing the Penman-Monteith FAO 56 as the standard method of estimating evapotranspiration by FAO, the MOD16A2 evapotranspiration can play a crucial role in irrigation planning, water resources management, and monitoring drought in the arid and semiarid climates without any observed dataset, especially semi-arid climates.

Introduction: Accurate water demand modeling for the city is very important for forecasting and policiesadoption related to water resources management. Thus, for future requirements of water estimation, forecastingand modeling, it is important to utilize models with little errors. Water has a special place among the basichuman needs, because it not hampers human life. The importance of the issue of water management in theextraction and consumption, it is necessary as a basic need. Municipal water applications is include a variety ofwater demand for domestic, public, industrial and commercial. Predicting the impact of urban water demand inbetter planning of water resources in arid and semiarid regions are faced with water restrictions.Materials and Methods: One of the most important factors affecting the changing technological advances inproduction and demand functions, we must pay special attention to the layout pattern. Technology developmentis concerned not only technically, but also other aspects such as personal, non-economic factors (population, geographical and social factors) can be analyzed. Model examined in this study, a regression model is composedof a series of structural components over time allows changed invisible accidentally. Explanatory variablestechnology (both crystalline and amorphous) in a model according to which the material is said to be better, butbecause of the lack of measured variables over time can not be entered in the template. Model examined in thisstudy, a regression model is composed of a series of structural component invisible accidentally changed overtime allows. In this study, structural time series (STSM) and ARMA time series models have been used to modeland estimate the water demand in Isfahan. Moreover, in order to find the efficient procedure, both models havebeen compared to each other. The desired data in this research include water consumption in Isfahan, water priceand the monthly pay costs of water subscribers between 1388 and 1390. In structural time series model, themodel was generated by entering the invisibility part of the process and development of a state-space model, aswell as using maximum likelihood method and the Kalman-Filter algorithm.Results and Discussion: Given the value of the test statistic ADF, with the exception of changing water usevariables with a time difference of the steady rest. Superpopulation different modes of behavior were assessedbased on the demand for water. Due to the likelihood ratio statistic is most suitable for the parameters, wasdiagnosed the steady-state level of randomness and the slope. Price and income elasticities of demand for water, respectively -0.81 and 0.85 shows that water demand is inelastic with respect to price and income and a lot ofwater is essential. Identify the nature of the request of one of the most important results in estimated waterdemand in the urban part of the state space time series structure and patterning methods, as an Alternative forvariable is Technology preferences use. The model is estimated for the city's water demand time series model, respectively ARMA (3, 1). Model performance METRICS to compare the structural time series and time seriesARMA, the result represents a structural time series model based on the fact that all the performance criteria inthis study outperformed the ARMA model to forecast water city demand in the Isfahan.Conclusion: Of a time series model structure to model ARMA in this research is to estimate the model andpredict the number the less time is required, and also can be used for modeling of other variables (such asincome and price) to this is helping to improve the models. Also, in ARMA time series the best model for datawas selected according to the Schwarz Bayesian and Akaike criterion. Results indicate that the estimation ofwater demand using structural time series method is more efficient than when ARMA time series model isapplied. Therefore, structural time series model can be used as an efficient tool for managers and planners in theManagement Departmentsin order to forecast water demand. Used was for compare the performance of thesetwo models of standard root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolutepercentage error (MAPE).

Visual Graphic in urban environment applies various features to facilitate communication, increase perception of the environment as well as create visual identity, improve the quality of visual mural, and enhance the richness of sensory visual attributes. Graffiti is a public art in urban environments, which is associated with a large group of audiences; therefore, analyzing the audience can help us to improve the quality and quantity of murals done in urban graffiti area. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality and rating of graffiti performed in the urban environment by asking citizens and using priority indicators and impact assessment survey (analytic network process (ANP) to know the viewpoints of experts. According to ANP method, firstly the components and evaluation criteria for urban graffiti was extracted, using library resources and interviews with experts. After that, according to the characteristics of ANP data and basic information classification, the conceptual model of ANP was prepared. ANP model-based components and assessment indicators for Tehran urban graffiti, includes three sets (standard / group) and 20 options (index / subgroup) which were produced using Super Decisions software. Secondly, weighing indicators and evaluation criteria (1 to 9) were determined using the results of the questionnaires. The results of surveys and questionnaires, complemented by citizens and professionals, were analyzed by using the software. The output of the model reflected a variety of text and graphs for METRICS and options in different ways. The aim of this study was to answer these questions:1. Priority indicators and criteria of effective urban graffiti based on experts’ opinions2. The priorities of Tehran graffiti based on the research works and in accordance with the viewpoints of citizens and audiencesTo gain more results, we used the following assumptions to analyze the data and the model outputs: According to the two major metropolitan areas, it seems that citizens can view performed Stock graffiti in to: field (space pause) and ST (space travel) which are different referring to the visual perception of concepts or conceptual works. In the space pause, because of specifics and proportions used for influencing on pedestrians, color combinations, and theme frescoes attributed to the crowded spaces, the visual messages of graffiti will receive faster. Specific aspects of graffiti influence on the audiences such as: large-scale forms and general color combinations. Therefore, considering the location, shape and the proportions, scale, and placement of the mural to a comfortable view will increase the utility and benefits of graffiti. Murals with respect to architecture and the backgrounds were caused dynamics of space and environmental visual diversity that canattract more audiences. Therefore, it is recommended to pay attention to the scale, size, color and texture effects, in terms of design, architecture and location of the various bodies and surfaces. Understanding the features of graffiti in urban environments requires correcting the perceptions how to design the shape and effect of the graffiti, interacting with three main elements: audience, environment and architecture of the space. The perceptions that designer shares with the receiver (the audience) is important while it can be seen as visible (apparent) and invisible (spiritual). In sharing visual language, it is important to consider audience’s experience and mindset, which gives the designer knowledge and recognition of aesthetic, social, and cultural environment to help society. The results indicate that the proper location, the structure of visual murals, color combinations, architecture and environment, appropriate theme, and content of the work gain more points than other indexes of Expert Group analysis.

Background and aims: The current economic system is unstable economically and environmentally. A new and sustainable economic model must be developed to achieve sustainable development. This economy should be based on new technologies for efficient pollution control using renewable energy sources, recycling and diversification of the transportation system with distance from fossil fuels, interactions and cooperation between the parent industry and contractors. Methods: In the present study, simple cost-benefit analysis tool (SCBAT) was used. The steps to perform the procedure are as follows: 1. A primary list of modern control equipment for air pollution (gases and vapors) was provided. 2. Evaluation of the initial list was done by the expert group and identification of key technologies. 3. Cost-benefit criteria and the constituent elements of each option related to key technologies were identified and determined. 4. Score of 3-1 was assigned to the cost-benefit elements of the technologies selected for the research by using linguistic variables (high = 3, medium = 2, low = 1, cost equivalent to control equipment). 5. The economic value of new and common air purification control equipment was determined, using relevant checklists based on linguistic variables. The profit-tocost ratio and key technology ranking derived from the profit-to-cost criteria were then calculated. 6. Prioritization calculation: If the calculated number was greater than one, the benefit would be more than the cost, so it was considered as a high priority. If the calculated number was equal to one, the cost would be equal to the cost, so the prioritization was attentively determined. If the ratio was less than 1, the profit would be less than cost and it meant the cost-benefit field was currently in vain and this option was not prioritized. Air pollution control technology was classified and prioritized based on the obtained ranking. 7. Priorities with higher scores will be top priorities. 8. Accuracy and reliability of the Cost-Benefit Analysis Method refer to the experts’ accurate estimation of the costs and benefits of a project. According to the procedure, a list of modern control equipment for air pollutants (gases and vapors) was prepared by experts. The initial list was available for the panel of experts, including four technologies related to gases including plasma, plasma-chemical, selective catalytic reduction and carbon Nano filter. It was evaluated by experts. In the final checklist, selected key technologies were provided to the experts to determine profit and expenditure METRICS, ratings and data collection. Then, the cost-benefit criteria and the elements of each option, considered by qualified and experienced companies’ designers and developers of the air purification technologies, were determined as well as ratings, and profit-tocost ratios according to the proposed method. Results: The results of new technologies of air pollutants treatment ranking after initial analysis were presented in Table 1. Conclusion: Cost-benefit analysis is a useful tool for assessing the beneficial effects of environmental policies. The benefits and costs of technical and engineering indicators of pollution control systems indicate the need of policies to reduce health and environmental consequences and increase economic benefits. The results of comparing the cost benefits of gas and vapor treatment technologies in the present study indicated the preference of selective catalytic reduction technology. The low cost in design, maintenance, training as well as environmental costs of the selective catalytic reduction process, have made it a top priority (coefficient of variation below 20%). The high coefficient of variation of the costbenefit criterion in carbon Nano filter technology indicated the low use and lack of familiarity with the cost-benefit components of these technologies in design and manufacturing companies. Cold plasma technology seems to be a good alternative for the treatment of gases and chemical vapors in the future decade, instead of being only in the laboratory research and studies.