Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the geometric properties of naturally reductive homogeneous Randers spaces.Methods: We use Lie theory methods in the study of Finsler geometry.Results: We first prove that if a Randers metric is naturally reductive, then the underlying Riemannian metric is naturally reductive. Then, we show that, for Berwald type Randers metric, if the underlying Riemannian metric is naturally reductive, then the Randers metric is naturally reductive. Finally, we give a geometric criterion of homogeneous naturally reductive Randers spaces.Conclusions: This paper provides a convenient method to construct naturally reductive Randers metric on homogeneous Riemannian manifolds.

A class of Finsler METRICS are (α,β) -METRICS which has many applications in sciences and  technology. One of the problems in Finsler geometry is finding Finsler METRICS with constant flag curvature. In this paper after some preliminaries in (α,β) -METRICS, we find a sufficient condition for a Finsler metric of type F= α φp(α/β) to be a space of scalar curvature. We also find a necessary and sufficient condition for a Finsler metric of type F= (α+β) 2 / α to be of constant flag curvature. The method of this paper may be useful for developing the navigation problem.  

In this paper, we are going to study the g-natural METRICS on the tangent bundle of Finsler manifolds. We concentrate on the complex and Kählerian and Hermitian structures associated with Finsler manifolds via g-natural METRICS. We prove that the almost complex structure induced by this metric is a complex structure on tangent bundle if and only if the Finsler metric is of scalar flag curvature. Then we show that the complex structure is Hermitian if and only if the Finsler metric is of constant flag curvature.

Land use in Shahre Rey has experienced unprecedented growth in urban areas in recent decades. Land use changes affect social, economic, and environmental conditions. Gathering information about these changes is essential for better planning and management of urban areas in sustainable development. Consequently, the object of this paper is to better examine the Shahre Rey land use changes affected by urban development and to investigate urban landscape integrity using the 1988-2018 "Fragmentation" index. Moreover, it was intended to provide solutions for the determination of hot spots based on appropriate criteria. With the help of Landsat satellite images, four land uses – including urban landscapes, agricultural lands, green spaces, and barren lands – were extracted and the extent of land use changes was determined. In order to investigate the fragmentation of Shahre Rey landscape, the METRICS of the number of patches, patch density, and the largest patch were used. Cross-Tab was also used in a part of the study. The results showed that the land use areas of urban lands and urban green space had increased by 369. 7 and 55. 6 hectares, respectively, while agricultural lands and barren lands had decreased by 213. 8 and 211. 5 hectares, respectively. In urban land use, integration had increased. In the green space and agriculture land uses, fragmentation has increased due to the creation and construction of roads. Based on the criteria of "position relative to borders and roads as well as the area and size of patches, '' solutions were made to determine the "hot spots" of vegetation and residential areas to help making plans for the improvement of their conditions. The reason is that land use change, especially the loss of vegetation, has a negative impact on the landscape.

Let G be a Lie group equipped with a left-invariant Randers metric F. Suppose that Fv and Fc denote the vertical and complete lift of F on TG, respectively. We give the necessary and su, cient conditions under which Fv and Fc are generalized Douglas-Weyl METRICS. Then, we characterize all 2-step nilpotent Lie groups G such that their tangent Lie groups (TG,Fc) are generalized Douglas-Weyl Randers METRICS.

In this paper the general relatively isotropic L -curvature Finsler METRICS are studied. It is shown that on constant relatively Landsberg spaces, the concepts of weakly Landsbergian, Landsbergian and generalized Landsbergian METRICS are equivalent. Some necessary conditions for a relatively isotropic L -curvature Finsler metric to be a Riemannian metric are also found.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between traditional citation indexes representing hot papers in the field of “ Clinical Medicine” and their bookmarking and readership in “ Mendeley software” . The citation counts of hot papers were extracted from Essential Science Indicators (ESI) and Web of Science (WoS). As an applied research adopting a descriptive-exploratory method, the present study used the Essential Science Indicators to retrieve hot articles published between 2014 and 2016, indexed in the category “ Medical Sciences” . Each record was then searched in Mendeley to obtain the number of readership of the paper and the academic status of the users. The results showed a significant positive correlation between Mendeley readership and citation indexes in both ESI and WoS. Moreover, the most frequently-cited articles in both databases attracted more readers in Mendeley than lowly-cited publications and both hypotheses were confirmed. Moreover, the findings revealed that Mendeley users had assigned a total number of 3847 tags to the hot papers, with the tags ranging in frequency from zero to 38 for individual articles. Compared with author keywords and Plus, about 10 percent of users’ tags were either meaningless or repetitive. The value of present study shows that “ Mendeley Sofware” with the possibility of tagging articles, can be used to create a searchable folksonomy of information and as a source of data in information retrieval studies, help professionals to manage their literatures and make their research life easier.