Isolated arterial injury without concomitant nerve injury is uncommon. Failure to repair apartial arterial laceration may result in false aneurysm formation and delayed nerve dysfunction attributable to compression. We present a 30-year-old man who suffered from l-centimeter traumatic knife wound on dorsoulnar aspect of proximal of the left forearm. He has complained of paresthesia and motor disturbances in the distribution of the MEDIAN nerve that was began a few days after injury. An exploratory surgical procedure revealed a voluminous 8 x 10 x 8-centimeter pseudo aneurysm from partial longitudinal laceration of the ulnar ARTERY that injecting the epineuria sheath of MEDIAN nerve and compressing its fascicles. Excision of pseudo aneurysm and decompression of MEDIAN nerve was performed and the ulnar ARTERY was ligated. The postoperative evolution was very satisfactory with almost full clinical and electrophysiological recovery 3 months later. Careful surgical exploration of every wound suspected of arterial injury after penetrating trauma is essential. Failure to recognize and correct the arterial injury may result in delayed nerve damage by the expansion of a false aneurysm.

The prominence of the hand function is underlined fundamentally by its rich vascular system. The superficial palmar arch incredibly provides hand with the blood supply, which is normally formed by the ulnar ARTERY and superficial palmar branch of the radial ARTERY. In the current case, the unilateral absence of superficial palmar arch with the rare presence of the MEDIAN ARTERY was reported, which was noticed in the right hand of a male cadaver during a routine educational dissection. The awareness of particular variations in hand blood supply during hand operations leads in preventing surgical mistakes.

MEDIAN rhomboid glossists are the atrophic lesion of mid-dorsal surface of the tongue, with the incidence of 0-3.34%. It is usually with no symptoms and has an unknown etiology.In order to investigate the relationship between diabetes and MRG, 220 diabetic patients were clinically examined from those referred to Shariaty, Taleghani General Hospitals and the Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology - Tehran during Oct 1998 to Jan 1999. A total of 220 patients were examined as control from those referred to Shahid Beheshti Dental School who had no history of any systemic disease, Smoking or the use of denture and matched by age and sex. In addition, two cytological smear samples were taken, one from MRG region and one from anterior, normal, part of the tongue of 15 proved MRG as well as 5 control cases. Results proved MRG in 10 diabetic patients and 2 control cases. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.025). Candida mycelia in MRG area was found to be 3.5 times more than normal anterior area of the tongue in diabetics (P<0.06).In conclusion: there seem to be a relationship between diabetes and the presence of MRG.

Background: The MEDIAN nerve is one of the most important branches of the brachial plexus. Due to the role of the MEDIAN nerve in sensory and motor innervation of the forearm and hand in the upper limbs, its blood supply is very important. Awareness of variations in the blood supply pattern to this nerve reduces the incidence of necrosis and ischemia of the nerve during surgical and diagnostic procedures. Case Presentation: During routine dissection of the cadaver of a 65-year-old man fixed in formalin (10%), in the Department of Anatomy and Reproductive Biology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, a rare variation was observed in the MEDIAN nerve nutritional ARTERY at the distal end of the left forearm. After dissection of the skin, superficial and deep fascia, anterior compartment forearm muscles, nerves and blood vessels were exposed from surrounding tissues. The MEDIAN nerve passed through the two heads of the pronator teres muscle and left the cubital fossa in the depth of the flexor digitorum superficialis and the surface of the flexor digitorum profundus in the forearm. It was observed that at the distal end of the left forearm between the flexor carpi radialis and the flexor digitorum superficialis, a relatively thick branch originates from the radial ARTERY and supplies blood to the MEDIAN nerve. This branch was separated from the radial ARTERY (before the ARTERY enters the anatomical snuffbox) and crossed the surface of the flexor carpi radialis muscle and inserted into the MEDIAN nerve sheath. In the forearm, this branch was the only ARTERY supplying blood to the MEDIAN nerve. Conclusion: Due to the superficial position of the MEDIAN nerve at the distal end of the forearm, physical damage to the nerve and its nutritional ARTERY leads to necrosis and ischemia of the nerve, and ultimately disturbed the transmission of sensory and motor messages.

Radial ARTERY is a muscular ARTERY that normally aroses from brachial ARTERY in the elbow.The radial ARTERY is increasingly being used as a coronary bypass graft. The aim of this paper is to report details of rare multiple variations in the radial ARTERY of a male Iranian cadaver. In routine dissection, it was observed that the right side radial ARTERY arose from brachial ARTERY in the arm. It then desended toward elbow by passing under biceps brachii tendon and leaned toward lateral side of the forearm and went toward the wrist.It then curled posterolateraly round the carpus went beneath the abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, and brevis crossed anatomical snuff box. In the proximal end of the first intermetacarpal space, radial ARTERY had a branch for deep palmar arch, but the main trunk of ARTERY continued toward the first web .Ultimately, by passing under the first dorsal interosseous muscle, it entered the palm and then divided into two branches that MEDIAN ARTERY had formed an anastomotic ring like a rhomboid. From this anastomotic ring two branches had separated, one for thumb and one for index finger. This variation in the route of the radial ARTERY in hand, is the fist time to be reported and is not reported in the available data.

In the early stages of development the MEDIAN ARTERY is the main ARTERY of forearm and after birth this ARTERY arises from the common interosseous or the anterior interosseous ARTERY; its size is small and terminated by supplying the MEDIAN nerve. The aim of this paper is to report the variations in origin, route and anastomoses in the MEDIAN ARTERY of an Iranian male cadaver.In routine dissection, it was observed that the right side MEDIAN ARTERY arised from ulnar ARTERY just proximal to the origin of the common interosseous ARTERY and accompanied the MEDIAN nerve into palm through the carpal tunnel. In the palm, MEDIAN ARTERY completed the radial side of the superficial arch and ultimately in the first interdigital space, it formed a rhomboid anastomotic ring with the radial ARTERY.A thrombosed MEDIAN ARTERY was associated with compression of the MEDIAN nerve in carpal tunnel which might be important to surgeons in carpal tunnel syndrome complications.

Introduction: Ischemic heart disease is the most common cause of mortality in developed countries. CABG (Coronary ARTERY Bypass Graft) is one of the therapeutic methods in ischemic heart disease.Methods and Materials: Considering the increased incidence of coronary ARTERY disease in Iran, and with increased rate of CABG, we performed a cross sectioned study (1996-1999). In 635 patients 467 male (73.5 percent), 168 female (26.5 percent) about risk factors of mortality after CABG in cardiac surgery department "Imam Khomeini hospital. 20 risk factors were included in our study: age, gender, smoking, family history, diabetes mellitus, morbid obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, palpitation, renal failure COPD, (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), history of myocardial infarction, CHF, angina, cerebral vascular disease, pace maker, Ejection fraction<40 percent, history of PTCA, history of CPR, and coronary endarterectomy. Results: Cigarette smoking (P=0.40), CHF in female (P=0.003). Endarterectomy in both gender (P=0.0001). Pace maker in both gender (P=0.00006), palpitation in both gender (P=0.0001). CPR in both gender (P=0.0000001), were associated with increased risk of mortality after CABG. Conclusion: We found that, endarterctomy, cigarette smoking, CHF. Pace maker, CPR, and palpitation are important risk factors for mortality after CABG.

The ulnar ARTERY is the largest terminal branch of brachial ARTERY. It begins in the cubital fossa at the level of the neck of the radius. It descends through the anterior compartment of the forearm and enters the palm in fornt of the flexor retinaculum along with the ulnar nerve. This ARTERY has three branches: 1- Muscular branch, 2- Recurrent branch, and 3- Common interosseous. The common interossous ARTERY arises from the upper part of the ulnar ARTERY, and after a brief course divides into anterior and posterior interosseous arteries. The anterior interosseous ARTERY is a small ARTERY that arises from the common interosseous ARTERY and passes downward in the front of posterior interosseous nerve. In this cadaver which we had seen, brachial ARTERY bifurcated in a point upside the normal position and then a new branch arised from ulnar ARTERY and came downside with MEDIAN nerve. It was also found that the brachial ARTERY bifurcated upper than its normal point and MEDIAN nerve took some branches from ulnar ARTERY. This anomaly can be very important for forearm surgeons and anatomists too.