Background: Wogonin as a flavonoid compound is known for its anticancer effect through growth control, differentiation, and apoptosis. This study investigates the possible activity of wogonin in inducing cell death of breast tumors MDA-MB231. Materials and Methods: The level of cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. Cycle analysis and the apoptotic rate were assessed by flow cytometry. mRNA level of Bax, Bcl-2, p53, and survivin was evaluated by real-time PCR. Western blot was utilized to assert the relative protein expression. Results: Wogonin inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB231 over time, and in particular, wogonin can induce the arrest of phase G1 of MDA-MB231 cells. The apoptosis of wogonin was related to a remarkable decrease in Bcl-2 and survivin and an increment in p53 and Bax. Wogonin also significantly elevated the active apoptotic forms of caspase-3,-8,-9. Z-DEVD-FMK, a specific inhibitor of caspase-3, remarkably inhibits cellular apoptosis caused by wogonin. Wogonin suppresses PI3K/Akt phosphorylation and ERK-derived phosphorylation. PD98059, a specific ERK inhibitor, significantly blocked the apoptosis caused by wogonin. Also, LY294002, a specific suppressor of PI3K, remarkably elevates the cellular apoptosis caused by wogonin. Various studies demonstrated that LY294002 not only modulates the expression of the survivin gene alone but also enhances the suppression of the expression of survivin with wogonin. Conclusion: The apoptotic role of wogonin is observed by the triggering caspases and ERK and is associated with the suppressive pathways of the PI3K/Akt/survivin signal in the MDA-MB231 cells.

Background: MDM2 is a protein factor that plays an improtant role in inhibition of P53 and P73 related apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between MDM2 expression and histologic grading of cerebral astrocytomas in order to reduce misdiagnosis of this tumor in controversial cases.Methods: In this study, 104 cases of astrocytic tumors including 4 different grades were selected randomly. We prepared 4μm sections of paraffin blocks of tumors. Then the slides were stained by anti MDM2 antibody.Findings: The intensity of nuclear staining for MDM2 marker had a statistically significant correlation with histologic grading. There was no significant correlation between percentage of nuclear staining for MDM2 and histologic grading. The positivity of MDM2 marker, as well as the multiplication of intensity and percentage of nuclear staining in S.Score had a significant correlation with histologic grading. The S.Score correlation with grading of astrocytic tumors was analysed by ROC Cure analysis method and showed that at the cut off point of 6, this score can be indicative for differentiation of Glioblastom multiform from other grades with specificity of 95.3%.Conclusion: Our results confirm the role of the MDM2 protein as a oncogenic factor in progression of astrosytic tumors.Evaluation the MDM2 experession in astrocytic cerebral tumors can be specifically indicative for distinction of glioblastom multiform from other grades of astrocytic tumors.

Roadmap and especially technology roadmap is a management tool and technique to achieve future goals in order to link business to technology. With the increasing trend and the need to use different types of roadmaps, new tools are needed to analyze the complex relationships between layers and roadmap elements. The purpose of this study is to focus on a new tool for analyzing the relationships between roadmap layers with a combined method with a proposed framework. Previous research has addressed relationships between layers only with tools such as quality function deployment (QFD) and the linking grid. Although DSM and TRM have been extensively studied independently so far, this study, therefore, proposes an integrated six-step framework combining a multi-domain matrix and design structure matrix and fuzzy set theory in designing, creating, and developing technology roadmaps for Suggest systems to support decision making and case studies. In this study, multi-domain MDM matrix and fuzzy inference, and network theory were used in designing the technology roadmap. The advantage of using a multi-domain matrix is the simultaneous analysis of each domain specifically in the DSM format as well as the entire domain in the MDM format. The results of the present study indicate the provision of detailed instructions for managers to prepare a suitable roadmap.

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity appears to be a growing concern for extensive use in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The new combination treatment strategies, therefore might be an effective way of decreasing its side effects as well as improving efficacy. AMG232 (KRT-232) is a potential MDM-2 inhibitor, increasing available p53 through disturbing p53-MDM-2 interaction. In this study, we examined the effects of AMG232 on DOX-induced apoptosis of NALM-6 cells. Methods: The anti-leukemic effects of Doxorubicin on NALM-6 cells, either alone or in combination with AMG232, were confirmed by MTT assay, Annexin/PI apoptosis assay, and cell cycle analysis. Expression of apoptosis and autophagy-related genes were further evaluated by Real time-PCR method. To investigate the effect of AMG232 on NALM-6 cells, the activation of p53, p21, MDM-2, cleaved Caspase-3 proteins was evaluated using western blot analysis. Results: The results showed that AMG232 inhibition of MDM-2 enhances Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in NALM-6 cells through caspase-3 activation in a time and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, cotreatment of AMG232 with Doxorubicin hampered the transition of NALM-6 cells from G1 phase through increasing p21 protein. In addition, this combination treatment led to enhanced expression of apoptosis and autophagy-related genes in ALL cell lines. Conclusions: The results declared that AMG232 as an MDM-2 inhibitor could be an effective approach to enhance antitumor effects of Doxorubicin on NALM-6 cells as well as an effective future treatment for ALL patients.

The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases has a long history dating back to the presence of humans on earth. Cancer has almost been an incurable disease, and among the various cancers, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women and imposes an enormous burden on patients. Although medical and surgical solutions have been proposed for the disease, it has not been successful enough to treat the disease in many patients. In recent years, more studies have been done on the effects of medicinal plants on breast cancer, and scientists are trying to find the exact mechanisms of action for these plants to find effective ways for controlling cancer cell growth. This article focuses on P53 and MDM2, two very important genes involved in regulation of cell growth and proliferation both in cancer and normal tissue, and we also gathered the list of natural compounds targeting the MDM2-p53 pathway. Our results provide a list of plant families that can influence this pathway and have great potential in designing treatments against cancers that encompass deregulation of the MDM2-p53 pathway.

Background and Objectives: Nowadays, using ready to use and fast foods like sausage and hamburger is very delicious. These foods are provided in many ways, but one of them that is used in IRAN and some other developing countries, is by using a material that is named MDM (Mechanically Deboned Meat). As skeleton and residues are prepared from many unhygienic places, it may be contaminated with many agents like Salmonella spp., E.coli, Staph.aureus, Molds &Yeasts. In this research, we want to detect the microbial agent that had been forbidden to be in these products, because most consumption of these products is with childes and teenagers. Material and methods: This research was performed on 100 samples, have been sent from veterinary organization. These samples were sent us, in 10Kg frozen packing. And were studied in microbial lab for determination above agents. Results: The results showed that, the contamination of the samples were as follow: 53% Salmonella spp., 59% E.coli, 68% Staph. aureus, 21% Molds and 62%Yeasts. Serotyping of the contaminated samples with Salmonella spp. was as below: 13% S.gallinarum, 10% S.typhimorium, 9% S.enteritidis, 8% S.paratyphi A, 8% S.paratyphi C and 5% S.paratyphi B. Conclusion: Therefore, it most notify that, the microbial contamination of this product is very high, that is show the violation in the process of production of this material. Because the presence of bacterial strains like, Salmonella spp. and E.coli had forbidden. So the consumption of this material for producing sausage and hamburger, which is used with most of people, must be forbidden.

the introduction and implementation of the Master Data Management (MDM) in an enterprise is a complicated process with different steps and variety of view points. MDM projects often start with the IT unit, and the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is often a starting point for development. Effort has been made in this research to identify the implementation process of the MDM duties in the PMO in the area of port and marine services, determine the related various steps considered in the project, and evaluate its implementation outputs to achieve such factors as reduced data redundancy and consistency, increased data availability, reduced service costs, reduced data errors, risks identification, human resources management, and creativity (as regards strategy/agility) through rapid production of new systems, meeting new business demands, business growth, and identification of the hierarchical structure. Finally, assuming that these factors are achieved, the MDM in marine services is implemented and localized in the PMO for effectiveness and competitiveness.

Granted by Japan Society for Promotion Science (JSPS), this research deals with two vital problems in installation of Wind Power Generation (WPG) in an Existing Power System (EPS), one is determining the optimal installation bus and the other one is estimating the maximum limitation of WPG that can be safely introduced into EPS. Here, Domain-Link Method (DLM) is used for forming applicable domains based on the structural characteristic of EPS, consequently Maximizing Decision Method (MDM) is used for ensuring the best bus inside selected domain using operational indices of environment, economy, reliability and stability. The limitation of WPG is estimated after connecting WPG to the selected bus based on system steady constrains. The result is illustrated using the IEEE 30-Bus test system. Successive installation of WPG may be conducted with the same procedure satisfying new EPS constrains resulted from the previous installation. Other than complex computation process, this methodology shows its unique feasibility in application of WPG installation to EPS of different structure and capacity.