Due to avoiding utilization of human figures and abstaining from idolatry, decorations have specific geometry in Islamic art and architecture. One of the striking characteristics of the knots (girih) that has caused to dynamicity throughout its thousand-year history is its regeneration and diversification of the diverse geometric properties. Girih tiling decoration is part of geometric arts in the traditional buildings of the historic town of MASOULEH dates back to eight hundred years. Traditional and local architects of this historical town have adopted special and intellectual plans for creating visual attractions in expression and creation of girih tiling in the walls of the monuments. One of these valuable solutions is diverse geometric decorations patterns. Since the main facades of the houses in this town are directly located in the sunrise direction and it is accepted landscape for the citizens of this historical town, so the artists have shown their art and style in this part of the monument and built beautiful and harmonic diverse wooden windows and variety of these patterns are seen in all five NEIGHBORHOODs in this town. Girih tiling consists of straight and broken lines on a regular basis that could be reasonably expanded in the surface. In the present study, it has been tried to classify the decorations in girih tiling in the NEIGHBORHOOD of MASOULEH and also investigate girih tiling including scrolls and edges, and also the role of decoration in this element. The methodology of the research is based on field study and direct observation of the monuments and decorations and taking image and converting into Auto CAD files with dimensional analysis. Also, for description of girih tiling, descriptive and library studies have been conducted. Questions that the research seeks to answer in this paper are: Can it 8 D be offered a defined pattern for opening girih tilingby analyzing of the decorations in NEIGHBORHOOD of Khanehbar in MASOULEH? And also is the largest usage of the patterns seen in scrolls (middle or central plan)? Does scroll use most patterns in its margins? The girih tiling patterns of “gavarehbari” with “boteh jegeh” designs (paisley), eight squares ornamental layout, rectangular, “hasht-chahr longeh tokhmedar”, and gavarehbari with the scales patterns are more common patterns. Fourteen patterns were seen in studying the girih tiling patterns employed in the combined windows that “alat jafari chokhati” and then rectangular tiling and seven and eight sides tiling patterns were common. The patterns used in the friezes are mostly eight squares layouts. The most common patterns in the margins are four- side tiling in all parts. Diverse patterns of girih tiling, besides with diverse combinations resulted from placing together and offering shapes in the friezes and marginal patterns have offered rich visual ornamentation in the historical city of MASOULEH. Such studies aid reproduction of these patterns in the contemporary fine arts while preservation and documentation of the fine and visual patterns in the Iranian girih tiling.

The historic background of residential areas show that territorial behavior is respectful for inhabitants, designers and architects, and it is considered as something necessary for living. what we are going to explore here is levels of territorial behavior which are called Understanding Territories and their distinguishing featureis illegal ownership of the clients. The territories play a pivotal role in forming the organic physical structures of historic textures and can be classified at four levels: the territory impacted by place inhabitant, the territory influenced by accessibility system, the neighboring territory and the territory impacted by ritual system. Research method, in this paper, is qualitative and the case study is to create Talarpish (Balcony)in historic city of Maosuleh; It is tried to analyse the issues according to physical and social structures of the city. The results indicated general satisfaction, NEIGHBORHOOD satisfaction, respect to access routes and ritual system of Alambaranis examples which has been respected by Talarpish (Balcony) applicant in MASOULEH. Understanding territories in collective mentality of Iranian has historically been Sustainable and can with their mechanism updating be used in the management of historical places.

The town of MASOULEH is located some 60 km away from Rasht (Guilan, Iran) , 30 km southwest of Fooman, in a mountainous and forested area. Its elevation is 1050 m above sea level and it is established on a rocky slope having a unique architecture in Iran and even in the world. The harmony between architecture and natural and geographic environment, is exclusive and astounding and has been documented as a national heritage under the code of 1090. Therefore ,the preservation and conservation of this natural collection is very important both for the present and future. However, at the present time this town is facing with various natural and man-made hazards such as debris falls, floods, mudflows, earthquakes, and human caused problems resulting from development projects. These factors maximize the risk probablity. On the other hand, evidence suggests that the previous location of MASOULEH has been 5 km away from the present place, and there do exist the remains of human civilization. Natural disasters have destroyed the old MASOULEH. Natural hazards can cause hazards and change likely dangers to disasters. This hazards are: natural climatic conditions, hydrological, geological, biological and technological effects.To identify the Natural hazards of MASOULEH, the author has studied and used statistical meteorological, hydrological data in the framework of a research plan at Islamic Azad University (Rasht Branch).This article also makes attempts to present the geographic location of the old city of MASOULEH and discover the hazards and risks that threaten people both at present and future.

Studies of stream and river ecosystems in Iran are very sketchy and their information is rather general and vague. Understanding various aspects of river systems is vital for their management and protection. The present study was aimed to obtain and present information on key stream populations and evaluate their responses to arrays of environmental gradients as a model for other north Iran (Guilan) streams. During the study, in the period of 6 months (summer - autumn 2010) 23 diatom genera were identified from MASOULEH stream. Physical and chemical parameters including temperature, electron conductivity (EC), pH, Fe, salinity, nitrate and orthophosphate were measured and analyzed in water column simultaneously. CCA test showed that EC, pH, Fe and salinity were the most important factors controlling diatom distribution. Values of two major components of CCA differed significantly (P<0.05). DCA analysis was used to observe taxonomic differences and similarities between diatom genera in different sites. We found that chemical parameters exert stronger impacts on diatom population than physical factors although studying of both parameters were essential to have an accurate understanding of stream health assessment and status. Diatom indices (diversity, evenness, TDI and PTI) provided useful information on biosenosis of the MASOULEH stream and therefore application of this index is recommended for other streams in northern Iran.

Sash windows are windows where the glazed panels are opened by sliding vertically with colored glasses that can pass sunlight with different colors in proportion to the hours and intensity of radiation. MASOULEH historical city is one of the areas with the most remarkable sash windows in its architecture. In this research, it is tried to categorize various types of sash windows in MASOULEH historical city. It is also tried to analyze and evaluate the visual, structural, functional and light features of sash window. The present research has used field method and descriptive-analytic studies to achieve these goals. The results of the research indicate that sash windows in MASOULEH can be categorized in 6 different types of diverse sash windows, such as non-porous market sash windows, double glazed one-Daraki sash windows, two-Daraki sash windows, three-Daraki sash windows, four-Daraki sash windows, and five-Daraki sash windows. Also, by reviewing and analyzing the visual and structural features of MASOULEH's sash window, the main reasons for the appearance of different types of sash windows are as follows: creating more human dimensions in the dimensions of the openings, creating a suitable covering (Hijab) for users in the interior, creating visual visibility proportional to user-friendly conditions (Animating), increasing physical protection from older users and children, reducing energy consumption, as well as weight reduction in buildings in order to reduce vulnerability to earthquakes. Research objectives 1. Investigating, introducing and categorizing different types of sash windows in MASOULEH historical city. 2. Understanding the visual and structural features of sash windows in MASOULEH historical homes. Research questions 1. How many different types of sash windows are in the MASOULEH historical city? 2. What factors affect the formation of the visual and structural features of sash windows in MASOULEH historical houses?

The objective of this study was to define different erosions types in the drainage basin of MASOULEH Rudkhan and to determine the rate of erosion and production of sediments. The factors affecting erosion such as phsiography, topography, climatic condition, hydrology, geology, geomorphology and vegetation were investigated. This drainage basin has an area of about 227.72 km2. Based on the geomorphological survey, 3 joints, 18 geomorphological faces and 229 primitive joints could be determined. The rate of erosion and sediment production of every work-joint were studied, employing geomorphological units (qualitative) and E.P.M. method (quantitative). The sub-drainage basin number 4 showed the highest erosion rate (2.1) and the largest sediment productions (94081 m3). This is due to the effects of slope and low resident of shale, clay and silt as well as the change of land use and. The sub-drainage basin number 8 showed the lowest rate of erosion (0.69) and sediment production (12297.5 m3) owing to the natural resistance of such stones as diorite, gneiss and gabbro. The results showed that in every geomorphic unit, the resistance of stone against erosion was the most important parameter and that the most important eroding factor was the change of land use and forest destruction. Furthermore, there was a logic relation between the geomorhological units and the rate of erosion. Thus, the use of E.P.M. model in this case was found to be appropriate and logical.

Religious rituals and mourning ceremonies are amongst the most important resources of reaching identity intellectual ruts and the lifestyle by the individuals who collectively exercise and continue them in a certain region. Hosseini mourning ritual ceremony, in Masuleh Residential Estate, is the performance of traditional rites that put on their symbolic guise on the body of the Muslims’ lamentations after the entry of Islam into this region and updated the traditional ritual style for expressing sympathy with Imam Hussein (PBUH) and his companions. This cultural phenomenon that has been registered as a spiritual heritage needs to be seen so that its practical manifestations can be preserved and guarded hence not lost. Ritual tourism with its dramatic feature, repetition and redisplay of the course of event narrates the ritual actions and reactions before the eyes of the tourists and acts as a powerful medium for preserving the unique and lean characteristics of the regions. The present study is a descriptive and survey research that has been conducted through taking advantage of such means as interview and questionnaire based on convenience and snow ball methods amongst 340 domestic and foreign tourists of Hosseini mourning rites in Masuleh residential estate in 2018. The results of the investigations and analyses of the tourists’ ideas and outputs based on SPSS and Excel are expressive of the considerable role of ritual tourism in the preservation and guarding of the traditional rites and the necessity for equipping the region’ s tourism infrastructures. In line with purposive guidance of the tourists and benefiting from the ritual tourism, the holding of specialized and well-planned tours is amongst the primary suggestions of the present study.

Extended abstract:Introduction:Zanjan is one of the historic cities of Iran with rapid urbanization. Now its old and historic NEIGHBORHOODs have been turned into the deteriorated textures. The problems of those NEIGHBORHOODs have not been solved through projects and programs in urban scale. Hence, this is required to consider the issues in the NEIGHBORHOOD scale to solve them. One of the old NEIGHBORHOODs of Zanjan city is Hosseinieh NEIGHBORHOOD faced with many physical and socioeconomical problems. So far, the city plans have failed to help properly this area revitalization.Hence, the problems need to be solved by the NEIGHBORHOOD and community planning. Researchers such as Watts (2006), Dixon (2011), Colton (2012), Hajipour (2006), The Salek (2007), Rafieapour (2009), Masoumi (2011), Madani (2012) and Rakhtabnak (2014) have used the concept of NEIGHBORHOOD planning and community development in recent years. In this study, we have tried to answer these questions: 1. what is the relationship between community planning and community sustainable development? 2. What is the relationship between the local community participation and sustainable NEIGHBORHOODs? 3. What is the impact of local planning initiatives and the participation of the local community on sustainable development in the Hosseinieh NEIGHBORHOOD.

One of the most common natural phenomena occurring in mountainous regions of the world is landslide which causes critical damages and is considered as a natural disaster. Iran is a country which annually suffers from this disaster and its consequent damage of about 500 billion Rials. Over the last 15 years, an increasing number of researches have aimed to demonstrate the applicability of the images captured by the space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors in sensors. InSAR (SAR interferometry) is currently one of the most exploited techniques for the assessment of ground displacements, and is becoming a consolidated tool for Civil Protection institutions addressing landslide risk. Analyzing satellite SAR data plays a major role in investigating landslide related events at different stages, including detection, mapping, monitoring, characterization and prediction. In this regard, MASOULEH region is highly important in terms of geology, geomorphology, and high potential for landslide occurrence. Therefore, in this study in order to create the displacement time series of the region, 11 radar images of the ALOS/PALSAR satellite within the time range of 2008 to 2010 were obtained and analyzed via Small Baseline (SBAS). The slide active zones were investigated based on geological field studies and the geomorphological characteristics of the region verified the displacement of various parts of the slide. The analysis results demonstrated that the highest displacement rate along the satellite view in the northern region, older and younger is 51, 46 and 70 mm/ year, respectively, distancing from the satellite.

This paper attempts presenting one of the contemporary architectural importance known as sustainable design. The aim of this research is to study MASOULEH's climatic design in the framework of people comfort in order to access sustainable development. This paper, firstly, pays attention to the explanation of climatic characteristics, geographical and MASOULEH native architecture as the main bed and seeks discussing uses of building bioclimatic models of Givoni and Khalili (Heating and Cooling Degree-Days). Therefore, uses of Demartone method for determine climate zone has been discussed.The result has shown that Givoni model has 3 month of comfort in May, June and July. Hence, in June, July nothing is need to HDD, CDD and in the other 10 other months there are needs to HDD as 2420. December with 22, 409 degree-days has the least and the most need for heating, consecutively.